Patents by Inventor Muralidhar Karthik
Muralidhar Karthik has filed for patents to protect the following inventions. This listing includes patent applications that are pending as well as patents that have already been granted by the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO).
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Patent number: 9241228Abstract: Methods and apparatus for self-calibration of small-microphone arrays are described. In one embodiment, self-calibration is based upon a mathematical approximation for which a detected response by one microphone should approximately equal a combined response from plural microphones in the array. In a second embodiment, self-calibration is based upon matching gains in each of a plurality of Bark frequency bands, and applying the matched gains to frequency domain microphone signals such that the magnitude response of all the microphones in the array approximates an average magnitude response for the array. The methods and apparatus may be implemented in hearing aids or small audio devices and used to mitigate adverse aging and mechanical effects on acoustic performance of small-microphone arrays in these systems.Type: GrantFiled: December 29, 2011Date of Patent: January 19, 2016Assignee: STMICROELECTRONICS ASIA PACIFIC PTE. LTD.Inventors: Samuel Samsudin Ng, Muralidhar Karthik, Sapna George
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Patent number: 9240908Abstract: In an embodiment, a transmitter includes first and second transmission paths. The first transmission path is configurable to generate first pilot clusters each including a respective first pilot subsymbol in a first cluster position, and the second transmission path is configurable to generate second pilot clusters each including a respective second pilot subsymbol in a second cluster position such that a vector formed by the first pilot subsymbols is orthogonal to a vector formed by the second pilot subsymbols. For example, where such a transmitter transmits simultaneous orthogonal-frequency-division-multiplexed (OFDM) signals (e.g., MIMO-OFDM signals) over respective channels that may impart inter-carrier interference (ICI) to the signals due to Doppler spread, the pattern of the pilot symbols that compose the pilot clusters may allow a receiver of these signals to use a recursive algorithm, such as a Vector State Scalar Observation (VSSO) Kalman algorithm, to estimate the responses of these channels.Type: GrantFiled: October 29, 2011Date of Patent: January 19, 2016Assignees: STMICROELECTRONICS, INC., STMICROELECTRONICS ASIA PACIFIC PTE. LTD.Inventors: Muralidhar Karthik, George A. Vlantis
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Patent number: 9148311Abstract: In an embodiment, a channel estimator includes first, second, and third stages. The first stage is configurable to generate a first observation scalar for a first communication path of a first communication channel, and the second stage is configurable to generate a second observation scalar for a first communication path of a second communication channel. And the third stage is configurable to generate channel-estimation coefficients in response to the first and second observation scalars. For example, such a channel estimator may use a recursive algorithm, such as a Vector State Scalar Observation (VSSO) Kalman algorithm, to estimate the responses of channels over which propagate simultaneous orthogonal-frequency-division-multiplexed (OFDM) signals (e.g., MIMO-OFDM signals) that suffer from inter-carrier interference (ICI) due to Doppler spread.Type: GrantFiled: October 29, 2011Date of Patent: September 29, 2015Assignees: STMICROELECTRONICS, INC., STMICROELECTRONICS ASIA PACIFIC PTE. LTD.Inventors: Muralidhar Karthik, George A. Vlantis
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Patent number: 9137054Abstract: In an embodiment, a transmitter includes a transmission path that is configurable to generate first pilot clusters each including a respective first pilot subsymbol in a first cluster position and a respective second pilot subsymbol in a second cluster position such that a vector formed by the first pilot subsymbols is orthogonal to a vector formed by the second pilot subsymbols. For example, where such a transmitter transmits simultaneous orthogonal-frequency-division-multiplexed (OFDM) signals (e.g., MIMO-OFDM signals) over respective channels that may impart inter-carrier interference (ICI) to the signals due to Doppler spread, the pattern of the pilot symbols that compose the pilot clusters may allow a receiver of these signals to estimate the responses of these channels more accurately than conventional receivers.Type: GrantFiled: October 29, 2011Date of Patent: September 15, 2015Assignees: STMICROELECTRONICS, INC., STMICROELECTRONICS ASIA PACIFIC PTE. LTD.Inventors: Muralidhar Karthik, George A. Vlantis
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Patent number: 9130788Abstract: In an embodiment, a channel estimator includes first and second stages. The first stage is configurable to generate an observation scalar for a communication path of a communication channel, and the second stage is configurable to generate channel-estimation coefficients in response to the first observation scalar. For example, such a channel estimator may use a recursive algorithm, such as a VSSO Kalman algorithm, to estimate the response of a channel over which propagates an OFDM signal that suffers from ICI due to Doppler spread. Such a channel estimator may estimate the channel response more accurately, more efficiently, with a less-complex algorithm, and with less-complex software or circuitry, than conventional channel estimators. Furthermore, such a channel estimator may be able to dynamically account for changes in the number of communication paths that compose the channel, changes in the delays of these paths, and changes in the signal-energy levels of these paths.Type: GrantFiled: October 29, 2011Date of Patent: September 8, 2015Assignees: STMICROELECTRONICS, INC., STMICROELECTRONICS ASIA PACIFIC PTE. LTD.Inventors: Muralidhar Karthik, George A. Vlantis
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Accounting for inter-carrier interference in determining a response of an OFDM communication channel
Patent number: 9020050Abstract: In an embodiment, a channel estimator includes first and second stages. The first stage is operable to generate a respective one-dimensional array of first channel-estimation coefficients for each communication path of a communication channel, and the second stage is operable to generate a multi-dimensional array of second channel-estimation coefficients in response to the first channel-estimation coefficients. For example, such a channel estimator may estimate the response of a channel over which propagates an orthogonal-frequency-division-multiplexed (OFDM) signal that suffers from inter-carrier interference (ICI) due to Doppler spread. Such a channel estimator may estimate the channel response more efficiently, and with a simpler algorithm, than conventional channel estimators.Type: GrantFiled: December 8, 2010Date of Patent: April 28, 2015Assignees: STMicroelectronics, Inc., STMicroelectronics Asia Pacific Pte. Ltd.Inventors: Muralidhar Karthik, George A. Vlantis -
Patent number: 8737536Abstract: In an embodiment, a multi-carrier signal (e.g., an OFDM signal) is received over a channel. Indicators of interference and the channel response at a carrier frequency of the signal are determined, and compared. If the indicator of interference has a particular relationship to the indicator of the channel response, then a data value transmitted at the carrier frequency is recovered from a data value received at the carrier frequency according to a particular data-recovery algorithm. Because the particular data-recovery algorithm may be faster than a conventional data-recovery algorithm, recovering one or more data values with the particular algorithm may increase the speed at which data is recovered from a multicarrier signal as compared to using a conventional data-recovery algorithm.Type: GrantFiled: October 15, 2009Date of Patent: May 27, 2014Assignees: STMicroelectronics, Inc., STMicroelectronics Asia Pacific Pte, Ltd.Inventors: Muralidhar Karthik, George A. Vlantis
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Publication number: 20130170666Abstract: Methods and apparatus for self-calibration of small-microphone arrays are described. In one embodiment, self-calibration is based upon a mathematical approximation for which a detected response by one microphone should approximately equal a combined response from plural microphones in the array. In a second embodiment, self-calibration is based upon matching gains in each of a plurality of Bark frequency bands, and applying the matched gains to frequency domain microphone signals such that the magnitude response of all the microphones in the array approximates an average magnitude response for the array. The methods and apparatus may be implemented in hearing aids or small audio devices and used to mitigate adverse aging and mechanical effects on acoustic performance of small-microphone arrays in these systems.Type: ApplicationFiled: December 29, 2011Publication date: July 4, 2013Applicant: STMicroelectronics Asia Pacific Pte. Ltd.Inventors: Samuel Samsudin Ng, Muralidhar Karthik, Sapna George
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Publication number: 20130148814Abstract: Audio acquisition systems and methods to determine a direction of arrival of an audio signal are disclosed. In an embodiment, an apparatus includes a continuous sampling stage configured to receive audio information and to generate one or more correlations from the received audio information, and a processing stage configured to receive the one or more correlations and to generate direction of arrival information for the audio information. In another embodiment, a method includes generating audio signals from an ambient acoustic environment, and performing beamforming on the generated audio signals. The method further includes calculating signal-to-interference ratios from the beamformed signals, forming correlations between the signal-to-interference ratios and audio sampling angles, selecting at least one correlation based upon predetermined selection criteria, and determining a direction of arrival for the audio signals.Type: ApplicationFiled: December 10, 2011Publication date: June 13, 2013Applicant: STMICROELECTRONICS ASIA PACIFIC PTE LTDInventors: Muralidhar KARTHIK, Samuel Samsudin NG, Sapna GEORGE
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Patent number: 8279982Abstract: A method for estimating the speed of a mobile device in a network is provided that includes selecting a correlation length from a plurality of possible correlation lengths. A correlation result is generated based on the selected correlation length. A speed estimate is generated for the mobile device based on the correlation result.Type: GrantFiled: September 29, 2009Date of Patent: October 2, 2012Assignee: ST-Ericsson SAInventors: Muralidhar Karthik, Ser Wah Oh
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Patent number: 8254588Abstract: A system and method for Acoustic Echo Cancellation. The system and method include a subband affine projection filter and a variable step size controller configured to cancel an estimated echo from a near-end signal. The system and method also include a divergence detector adapted to reset the subband affine projection filter in response to determining a divergence is occurring. Additionally, the system and method include a double talk detector adapted to transmit a signal to mask an output signal when double talk is detected.Type: GrantFiled: October 24, 2008Date of Patent: August 28, 2012Assignee: STMicroelectronics Asia Pacific Pte., Ltd.Inventors: Muralidhar Karthik, George Sapna, Anoop Kumar Krishna
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Publication number: 20120163622Abstract: Methods and apparatuses for detection and reduction of wind noise in audio devices are disclosed. In an embodiment, a method includes acquiring and transforming the audio signals. Correlations from the transformed audio signals are computed. A cross correlation index is compared to a predetermined value to determine if a wind noise spectral content is present. In another embodiment, an apparatus includes an audio processing unit to receive non-decomposed audio signals, and an audio decomposition unit to receive the non-decomposed audio signals and to generate decomposed audio signals. A wind noise spectrum estimation unit receives non-decomposed audio signals and decomposed audio signals and identifies wind noise spectral components in at least one of the non-decomposed and decomposed audio signals. A wind noise spectrum reduction unit receives the wind noise spectral components and removes the wind noise spectral components from at least one of the non-decomposed and the decomposed audio signals.Type: ApplicationFiled: December 28, 2010Publication date: June 28, 2012Applicant: STMICROELECTRONICS ASIA PACIFIC PTE LTDInventors: Muralidhar KARTHIK, Samsudin, Evelyn KURNIAWATI, Sapna GEORGE
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Publication number: 20120114053Abstract: In an embodiment, a channel estimator includes first and second stages. The first stage is configurable to generate an observation scalar for a communication path of a communication channel, and the second stage is configurable to generate channel-estimation coefficients in response to the first observation scalar. For example, such a channel estimator may use a recursive algorithm, such as a VSSO Kalman algorithm, to estimate the response of a channel over which propagates an OFDM signal that suffers from ICI due to Doppler spread. Such a channel estimator may estimate the channel response more accurately, more efficiently, with a less-complex algorithm, and with less-complex software or circuitry, than conventional channel estimators. Furthermore, such a channel estimator may be able to dynamically account for changes in the number of communication paths that compose the channel, changes in the delays of these paths, and changes in the signal-energy levels of these paths.Type: ApplicationFiled: October 29, 2011Publication date: May 10, 2012Applicants: STMicroelectronics Asia Pacific PTE, Ltd., STMicroelectronics, Inc.Inventors: Muralidhar KARTHIK, George A. VLANTIS
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Publication number: 20120114069Abstract: In an embodiment, a transmitter includes first and second transmission paths. The first transmission path is configurable to generate first pilot clusters each including a respective first pilot subsymbol in a first cluster position, and the second transmission path is configurable to generate second pilot clusters each including a respective second pilot subsymbol in a second cluster position such that a vector formed by the first pilot subsymbols is orthogonal to a vector formed by the second pilot subsymbols. For example, where such a transmitter transmits simultaneous orthogonal-frequency-division-multiplexed (OFDM) signals (e.g., MIMO-OFDM signals) over respective channels that may impart inter-carrier interference (ICI) to the signals due to Doppler spread, the pattern of the pilot symbols that compose the pilot clusters may allow a receiver of these signals to use a recursive algorithm, such as a Vector State Scalar Observation (VSSO) Kalman algorithm, to estimate the responses of these channels.Type: ApplicationFiled: October 29, 2011Publication date: May 10, 2012Applicants: STMICROELECTRONICS ASIA PACIFIC PTE, LTD., STMICROELECTRONICS, INC.Inventors: Muralidhar Karthik, George A. Vlantis
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Publication number: 20120114080Abstract: In an embodiment, a channel estimator includes first, second, and third stages. The first stage is configurable to generate a first observation scalar for a first communication path of a first communication channel, and the second stage is configurable to generate a second observation scalar for a first communication path of a second communication channel. And the third stage is configurable to generate channel-estimation coefficients in response to the first and second observation scalars. For example, such a channel estimator may use a recursive algorithm, such as a Vector State Scalar Observation (VSSO) Kalman algorithm, to estimate the responses of channels over which propagate simultaneous orthogonal-frequency-division-multiplexed (OFDM) signals (e.g., MIMO-OFDM signals) that suffer from inter-carrier interference (ICI) due to Doppler spread.Type: ApplicationFiled: October 29, 2011Publication date: May 10, 2012Applicants: STMICROELECTRONICS ASIA PACIFIC PTE, LTD., STMICROELECTRONICS, INC.Inventors: Muralidhar KARTHIK, George A. VLANTIS
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Publication number: 20120045008Abstract: In an embodiment, a transmitter includes a transmission path that is configurable to generate first pilot clusters each including a respective first pilot subsymbol in a first cluster position and a respective second pilot subsymbol in a second cluster position such that a vector formed by the first pilot subsymbols is orthogonal to a vector formed by the second pilot subsymbols. For example, where such a transmitter transmits simultaneous orthogonal-frequency-division-multiplexed (OFDM) signals (e.g., MIMO-OFDM signals) over respective channels that may impart inter-carrier interference (ICI) to the signals due to Doppler spread, the pattern of the pilot symbols that compose the pilot clusters may allow a receiver of these signals to estimate the responses of these channels more accurately than conventional receivers.Type: ApplicationFiled: October 29, 2011Publication date: February 23, 2012Applicants: STMicroelectronics Asia Pacific PTE, Ltd., STMicroelectronics, Inc.Inventors: Muralidhar KARTHIK, George A. VLANTIS
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Patent number: 7978791Abstract: A method includes generating a plurality of noise-averaged channel estimates using noisy channel estimates. At least some of the noise-averaged channel estimates are generated using different averaging lengths. The method also includes selecting one of the averaging lengths based on the plurality of noise-averaged channel estimates. The step of selecting one of the averaging lengths may include subtracting the noise-averaged channel estimates from the noisy channel estimates to produce a plurality of noise-averaged differences and determining powers of the noise-averaged differences. The step of selecting one of the averaging lengths may also include determining total error powers associated with the different averaging lengths using the powers of the noise-averaged differences and selecting the averaging length corresponding to a lowest total error power.Type: GrantFiled: January 17, 2006Date of Patent: July 12, 2011Assignee: ST-Ericsson SAInventors: Muralidhar Karthik, Ser Wah Oh
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ACCOUNTING FOR INTER-CARRIER INTERFERENCE IN DETERMINING A RESPONSE OF AN OFDM COMMUNICATION CHANNEL
Publication number: 20110129024Abstract: In an embodiment, a channel estimator includes first and second stages. The first stage is operable to generate a respective one-dimensional array of first channel-estimation coefficients for each communication path of a communication channel, and the second stage is operable to generate a multi-dimensional array of second channel-estimation coefficients in response to the first channel-estimation coefficients. For example, such a channel estimator may estimate the response of a channel over which propagates an orthogonal-frequency-division-multiplexed (OFDM) signal that suffers from inter-carrier interference (ICI) due to Doppler spread. Such a channel estimator may estimate the channel response more efficiently, and with a simpler algorithm, than conventional channel estimators.Type: ApplicationFiled: December 8, 2010Publication date: June 2, 2011Applicants: STMicroelectronics, Inc., STMicroelectronics Asia Pacific PTE, Ltd.Inventors: Muralidhar KARTHIK, George A. VLANTIS -
Publication number: 20100086085Abstract: A method for estimating the speed of a mobile device in a network is provided that includes selecting a correlation length from a plurality of possible correlation lengths. A correlation result is generated based on the selected correlation length. A speed estimate is generated for the mobile device based on the correlation result.Type: ApplicationFiled: September 29, 2009Publication date: April 8, 2010Applicant: STMicroelectronics Asia Pacific Pte., Ltd.Inventors: Muralidhar Karthik, Ser Wah Oh
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Patent number: 7616715Abstract: A method for estimating the speed of a mobile device in a network is provided that includes selecting a correlation length from a plurality of possible correlation lengths. A correlation result is generated based on the selected correlation length. A speed estimate is generated for the mobile device based on the correlation result.Type: GrantFiled: November 30, 2004Date of Patent: November 10, 2009Assignee: STMicroelectronics Asia Pacific Pte. Ltd.Inventors: Muralidhar Karthik, Ser Wah Oh