Abstract: Methods of pipeline construction in arctic and subarctic regions and apparatus for carrying out those methods are disclosed. Following the disclosed methods, summer-constructed fabrication yards are established at locations along the pipeline right-of-way spaced at intervals of 100 to 150 miles. Each summer-constructed fabrication yard is regarded as being at or close to the center of its associated pipeline division, which is approximately 100 to 150 miles in length. Each fabrication yard comprises a group of summer-constructed buildings adapted for carrying out the steps in fabricating a pipe section, including quality control, X-ray, hydrostatic testing, external coating, final inspection, and river coating and weighting, along with yard facilities for moving elongated (e.g., 2500 foot) pipe sections from place to place during their fabrication, inspection, coating, etc.

Abstract: Fabrication of devices of micron and submicron minimum feature size is accomplished by lithographic processing involving a back focal plane filter. A particularly important fabrication approach depends upon mask patterns which produce images based on discrimination as between scattered and unscattered radiation by accelerated electrons.