Abstract: A cathode active material for a lithium secondary battery includes a lithium metal oxide particle and a thio-based compound formed on at least portion of a surface of the lithium metal oxide particle. The thio-based compound has a double bond that contains a sulfur atom. Chemical stability of the lithium metal oxide particle may be improved and surface residues may be reduced by the thio-based compound.

Abstract: According to an embodiment, a maritime wireless communication system comprises a communication module installed in the at least one buoy, providing sensing information, identification information, and location information for the at least one buoy and a gateway device installed in each of a fishing vessel terminal device and a managing vessel terminal device, performing communication with the at least one buoy and a land control center via a long range (LoRa)-based communication network to provide various types of fishery information, and setting different communication options for a normal condition and the event condition in performing a communication connection function.

Abstract: According to an embodiment, a maritime wireless communication system comprises a communication module installed in the at least one buoy, providing sensing information, identification information, and location information for the at least one buoy and a gateway device installed in each of a fishing vessel terminal device and a managing vessel terminal device, performing communication with the at least one buoy and a land control center via a long range (LoRa)-based communication network to provide various types of fishery information, and setting different communication options for a normal condition and the event condition in performing a communication connection function.

Abstract: According to an embodiment, a fishing tool loss monitoring system comprises at least one buoy providing sensing information and buoy identification information and buoy position information, a fishing vessel terminal device providing fishing vessel information including fishing vessel identification information, fishing vessel position information, the fishing tool identification information, and the buoy position information, and a land control center performing transmitting/receiving information to/from the fishing vessel terminal device or the buoy through a communication network to gather the sensing information including underwater temperature information and overwater temperature information from the buoy during a preset time, measuring a speed of the buoy using the buoy position information when a difference between respective averages of the underwater temperature information and the overwater temperature information falls outside a preset error range.