Abstract: A storage system is provided that performs a defragmentation operation or proactive garbage collection in its memory based on a command from a host. The command specifies which blocks in the memory should take part in the defragmentation operation by specifying a maximum amount of valid data that a block can have to qualify for defragmentation. That way, the storage system only performs defragmentation on those blocks that meet the validity criteria provided by the host. This can help improve performance of the storage system while reducing the degree of negative tradeoffs that may come with defragmentation or proactive garbage collection.

Abstract: A storage system is provided that performs a defragmentation operation or proactive garbage collection in its memory based on a command from a host. The command specifies which blocks in the memory should take part in the defragmentation operation by specifying a maximum amount of valid data that a block can have to qualify for defragmentation. That way, the storage system only performs defragmentation on those blocks that meet the validity criteria provided by the host. This can help improve performance of the storage system while reducing the degree of negative tradeoffs that may come with defragmentation or proactive garbage collection.

Abstract: Aspects of the present disclosure generally relate to data storage devices, systems, and related methods that determine writing fragmentation levels of memory devices, such as memory devices of solid-state drives (SSDs). In one aspect, a controller of a data storage device is configured to determine a plurality of valid counts of a plurality of blocks of one or more memory devices, and arrange the plurality of valid counts of the plurality of blocks into a plurality of valid count groupings. The plurality of valid counts is arranged into a histogram having the plurality of block counts and the plurality of valid count groupings. In one aspect, the controller is configured to multiply the plurality of block counts by a plurality of assigned weights to determine a plurality of writing fragmentation values. In one aspect, the controller is configured to determine a writing fragmentation level.