Abstract: Hydrotreating and hydrocracking of heavy residual stocks are improved with respect to conversion, product distribution, product quality and system operability by mixing with the heavy charge a substantial proportion of an aromatic light distillate oil (light gas oil) of high nitrogen content.

Abstract: A delayed coking process in which part of the coke produced is heated by partial burning and mixed with preheated coker feedstock to raise the temperature of the coking mass present in the coking drums. The rapid heat transfer thus obtained brings about some immediate flashing of volatiles and makes possible higher than usual temperatures in the coking drums. The results are a reduction of residence time in the drums and an increase in the yield of volatile products. Hot coke in excess of that required to heat the feed may be gasified. Thus, resultant net coke yields are lower than the conventional delayed coking process.

Abstract: A catalytic process is provided for converting a feed containing a C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 monohydric alcohol by contact of said alcohol, under conversion conditions, with a catalyst comprising a crystalline aluminosilicate zeolite having a crystal size of at least about 1 micron, a silica to alumina ratio of at least about 12 and a constraint index, as hereinafter defined, within the approximate range of 1 to 12. The zeolite contains a Group 2B and a Group 8 metal or metal compound plus magnesium, either per se or in compound form.

Abstract: Conversion of hydrocarbons is conducted over low acidity zeolites such as the sodium form of zeolite ZSM-5 to yield products like those produced by hydrocracking but with substantially decreased proportion of light hydrocarbons having one to four carbon atoms. The hydrocarbon conversion is conducted with mixed phase charge (trickle mode) under hydrogen pressure or with liquid phase charge in a liquid-full reactor. The product of such conversion is admixed with a pour point depressant for storage.

Abstract: Conversion of hydrocarbons is conducted over low acidity zeolites such as the sodium form of zeolite ZSM-5 to yield products like those produced by hydrocracking but with substantially decreased proportion of light hydrocarbons having one to four carbon atoms. (Sulfiding of sodium zeolites activates such sodium zeolites for the present purpose.) The hydrocarbon conversion is conducted with mixed-phase charge (Trickle mode) under hydrogen pressure or with liquid-phase charge in a liquid-full reactor.

Abstract: A process for effecting an endothermic and an exothermic reaction, under conversion conditions, in a single reaction zone wherein ethane is endothermically converted to C.sub.3 + hydrocarbons, and wherein an unconverted portion of ethane is simultaneously exothermically hydrogenated to methane in the presence of a catalyst system comprising a crystalline aluminosilicate zeolite having a uniform structure characterized by pores, the major dimension of which is less than 6 Angstroms and ZSM-5 type aluminosilicate zeolite, containing a minor amount of Zn in combination with a Group VIII noble metal or a Group IB metal, the exothermic reaction providing sufficient heat to maintain the reaction zone at a temperature capable of sustaining the endothermic reaction.

Abstract: Hydrocarbon oils, especially waxy distillate lubricating oil stocks suitable for the preparation, by conventional unit processes, of high V.I., low pour point lubricating oils, are advantageously catalytically dewaxed with synthetic offretite catalyst preferably associated with a hydrogenation metal such as platinum or palladium.

Abstract: Improved method for solubilizing solid carbonaceous materials, e.g., wood and/or coal in an aromatic petroleum or coal-derived solvent in the presence of alkali and hydrogen transfer agent at elevated temperatures. The liquid products can be used as fuels or further processed into desirable products.

Abstract: Steam stable aluminosilicate zeolite catalysts are prepared by calcining said zeolites at an elevated temperature below about 1100.degree. F. in a closed system having a limited amount of oxygen wherein said zeolite contains organic cations and/or is in intimate contact with a charring agent thereby converting a portion of said organic cations or charring agent to a carbonaceous deposit within the pores of said zeolite in an amount from about 1.5-15 wt. % based on the total weight of the catalyst. Such catalysts are highly useful in the conversion of oxygenates, e.g., methanol to hydrocarbon products.

Abstract: A catalytic heat balanced cyclic process is provided for converting a charge consisting essentially of methanol, dimethyl ether or mixtures thereof to a hydrocarbon product rich in ethylene and propylene by contact, under specified conditions of temperature and contact time, with a catalyst comprising a crystalline aluminosilicate zeolite characterized by pores, the major dimension of which is less than 6 Angstroms and the capability, under such conditions, of producing less than about 20 weight percent methane in said hydrocarbon product, regenerating the catalyst so employed at a temperature between about 1200.degree. and about 1400.degree. F. to remove accumulated carbonaceous deposit therefrom and provide a source of hot regenerated catalyst for further contact, under controlled temperature conditions, with said charge.

Abstract: Waxy hydrocarbon oils, e.g., of petroleum origin, boiling within the approximate range of 450.degree. to 1050.degree. F. are catalytically dewaxed utilizing a catalyst comprising a crystalline aluminosilicate zeolite possessing particularly characterized pore openings, such as, for example, ZSM-23 or ZSM-35, which may be associated with a hydrogenation metal.

Abstract: Heavy petroliferous stocks such as vacuum and atmospheric resids, tar sand oils, shale oils, liquids from conversion of coal and the like are concurrently distilled and hydroprocessed for removal of sulfur, nitrogen and metals and are hydrocracked or otherwise hydroprocessed in a packed distillation column under hydrogen pressure wherein the packing is constituted, at least to a substantial extent in both stripping and rectifying sections by catalyst suited to the desired conversions. In a specific application to catalytic hydrodewaxing of lubricating oil stocks, improvement of Viscosity Index (VI) of dewaxed product results.

Abstract: Distillate petroliferous stocks such as neutral lubricating stocks and distillate fuels are hydroprocessed for dewaxing and/or removal of sulfur, nitrogen and metals under hydrogen pressure in a downflow reactor packed with a catalyst suited to the desired conversions in which lighter portions of the charge are introduced to respectively lower levels of the catalyst bed, whereby product withdrawn from the bottom of the reactor is reconstituted distillate of which lighter portions have received milder treatment. In a specific application to catalytic hydrodewaxing of lubricating oil stocks, improvement of Viscosity Index (VI) of dewaxed product results.

Abstract: Crystalline zeolite catalysts are stabilized against reducing and moisture containing atmospheres by providing and maintaining substantial metal cationic sites in the zeolite during use in chemical reactions encountering reducing and/or moisture rich atmospheres at high temperature.

Abstract: Heavy petroliferous stocks such as vacuum and atmospheric resids, tar sand oils, shale oils, liquids from conversion of coal and the like are concurrently distilled and hydroprocessed for removal of sulfur, nitrogen and metals and are hydrocracked or otherwise hydroprocessed in a packed distillation column under hydrogen pressure wherein the packing is constituted, at least to a substantial extent in both stripping and rectifying sections by catalyst suited to the desired conversions.

Abstract: Waxy distillate lubricating oil stocks suitable for the preparation, by conventional unit processes, of high V.I., low pour point lubricating oils, are advantageously catalytically dewaxed with macrocrystalline ZSM-5 (crystallites larger than 2 microns) preferably associated with a hydrogenation metal such as platinum or palladium.

Abstract: A process for converting relatively ash-free solid polymeric wastes to more valuable liquid, solid, and gaseous products which comprises mixing rubber and/or plastic wastes at high temperatures in a refractory petroleum stream and catalytically cracking the mixture.

Abstract: Petroliferous material of tar sands is processed to recover material boiling below 850.degree. F. with higher boiling material converted to high BTU fuel gas and with heat developed transported to improve the thermal efficiency of the combination operation.

Abstract: A catalytic process is provided for converting a feed containing a C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 monohydric alcohol by contact of said alcohol, under conversion conditions, with a catalyst comprising a crystalline aluminosilicate zeolite having a crystal size of at least about 1 micron, a silica to alumina ratio of at least about 12 and a constraint index, as hereinafter defined, within the approximate range of 1 to 12. The zeolite contains a Group 2B and a Group 8 metal or metal compound plus magnesium, either per se or in compound form.

Abstract: Monoalkyl benzene having a side chain of at least two carbon atoms is converted to dialkyl benzene having side chains of shorter length than the charge and containing a proportion of para dialkyl benzene in excess of the thermodynamic equilibrium value by reaction over a dual function catalyst comprising a noble metal from Group VIII of the Periodic Table and a crystalline aluminosilicate zeolite of high silica/alumina ratio above 12, a constraint index of 1 to 12, which aluminosilicate is in a state to restrict diffusion of ortho xylene.