Abstract: An optical information recording medium includes a track storing information in a plurality of sectors, wherein the track is formed spirally or concentrically. One sector includes a plurality of frames and one frame includes a resync mark region, a frame address region, an information region, and a postamble region. In the information region in the first frame, identification information for identifying the position of the sector is stored. In the information region in each frame, information obtained as a result of scrambling performed based on a value of the identification information is stored.

Abstract: An optical information recording medium includes a track storing information in a plurality of sectors, wherein the track is formed spirally or concentrically. One sector includes a plurality of frames and one frame includes a resync mark region, a frame address region, an information region, and a postamble region. In the information region in the first frame, identification information for identifying the position of the sector is stored. In the information region in each frame, information obtained as a result of scrambling performed based on a value of the identification information is stored.

Abstract: A two-dimensional (2-D) suspension system consists of series of rhomboidal parallel leaf springs (RPLSs) each of which comprises plural leaf springs apart from one another and at least two rigid walls for fixing both ends of the leaf springs at the same fixing angle selected not to be a right angle and to be different from fixing angles of other rhomboidal parallel leaf springs. Plural rhomboidal parallel leaf springs are linked in series by connecting the rigid walls in such a way that faces of all the leaf springs are perpendicular to an imaginary plane. The 2-D suspension system suspends a movable body which is allowed translation in a plane only and which is restricted in other motions. The mass of the rigid body connecting two RPLSs is so small that the resonance of the rigid body hardly interferes with the motion of the movable body. The 2-D suspension system can hold the movable body at both sides thereof in symmetry.

Abstract: In an optical signal reproducing apparatus for a conventional disc phonograph record, the groove of said record is irradiated with the light beam from a direction that varies cyclically at a constant frequency in a plane. Said plane includes both the tangential velocity vector of the groove and a normal line to the surface of the groove. At the moment that the light beam irradiates the surface of the groove from a perpendicular direction, the reflected light beam traces back the same path as that of the irradiating light beam. When a photo-detector is limited by a slit to detect only the reflected light beam tracing back the same path as the irradiating light beam, the photo-detector detects light pulses which are pulse-phase-modulated by the slope angle of the surface of the groove. The recorded signal can be reproduced by demodulating said pulse-phase-modulated pulses.

Abstract: An information read apparatus with tracking control system comprises a first closed loop and a second closed loop. The first closed loop performs high speed tracking control and feedback compensation for damping the tracking control system, with the aid of a means for detecting the tracking error without excess frequency dependency. The second closed loop performs precise tracking control with the aid of tracking error detection by wobbling the reading position on the information carrier in a direction traverse to the information track being read. The second closed loop is dominant only in the low frequency region. Since the second closed loop is negligible in comparison with the first closed loop near the cross-over frequency of the tracking control system, phase lag of the second closed loop is allowable about said cross-over frequency. Therefore, the wobbling frequency can be selected so low that the same actuator that controls the global reading position can be used for wobbling.

Abstract: The present invention is an integrated circuit for an electronic musical instrument comprising: a plurality of frequency divider chains receiving a plurality of input signals for dividing the frequencies of the input signals one after another and corresponding to a plurality of series of adjacent notes which are chromatically arranged in turn in a twelve-tone of a musical scale, respectively; keyer-gates for switching on and off the input signals and output signals of the frequency dividers of the frequency divider chains respectively; and adding means for adding at least two output signals of the keyer-gates which correspond to the adjacent notes chromatically arranged to each other, so as to produce output tone signals therefrom, respectively.