Abstract: Provided are carbon fiber bundles which have high knot strength even if the single fiber fineness is large, and which have excellent handling properties and processability. The carbon fiber bundles have a single fiber fineness of 0.8-2.5 dtex, knot strength of 298 N/mm2 or greater. This method of producing carbon fibers having knot strength of 298 N/mm2 or greater involves a heat treatment step for heat treating, for 50-150 minutes, specific polyacrylonitrile-based precursor fiber bundles described in the description in an oxidizing atmosphere rising in temperature in the temperature range of 220-300° C.

Abstract: To reduce the risk of a ruptured suture after a surgery or the like, a medical apparatus includes a biodegradable sheet in which a plurality of through-holes are formed, a value of a ratio (D/P) of a hole diameter D to a pitch P of the through-hole is in a range of 0.25 or more and less than 40. Such a medical apparatus is useful as an adhesion promoting device for promoting adhesion of biological tissue.

Abstract: A hydraulic system includes: a slewing motor; a mechanical brake; and a slewing control valve interposed between a main pump and the slewing motor. A first pilot port of the slewing control valve is connected to a first solenoid proportional valve by a pilot line. A second pilot port of the slewing control valve is connected to a second solenoid proportional valve by a second pilot line. The first solenoid proportional valve and the second solenoid proportional valve are connected to an auxiliary pump by a primary pressure line. A switching valve is interposed between the auxiliary pump and the mechanical brake. The switching valve includes a pilot port that is connected to the first pilot line by a switching pilot line. The valve switches from a closed to an open position when a pilot pressure led to the pilot port becomes higher than or equal to a setting value.

Abstract: A hydraulic system of a construction machine includes: control valves interposed between a variable displacement main pump and hydraulic actuators; and first solenoid proportional valves connected to pilot ports of the control valves. The hydraulic system further includes: a regulator that changes a displacement of the main pump; and a second solenoid proportional valve connected to an auxiliary pump by a primary pressure line, the second solenoid proportional valve outputting a secondary pressure to the regulator through a secondary pressure line. A switching valve is interposed between the auxiliary pump and the first solenoid proportional valves, and includes a pilot port that is connected to the secondary pressure line by a pilot line.

Abstract: A hydraulic drive system raises and lowers an object by supplying and discharging operating oil to and from two ports of an actuator and includes a control device, first to fifth electromagnetic proportional control valves, first and second hydraulic pumps, a first and second control valve, and a lock valve. When a fourth pilot pressure is output, the second control valve causes the operating oil to be discharged from a first port in order to lower the object. The lock valve prevents the operating oil from being discharged from the first port by closing a path between the first port and the second control valve, and when a fifth pilot pressure is output from the fifth electromagnetic proportional control valve per an operating device, discharges the operating oil from the first port by opening the path between the first port and the second control valve, to lower the object.

Abstract: A hydraulic system of a construction machine includes: control valves interposed between a main pump and hydraulic actuators; and first solenoid proportional valves connected to pilot ports of the control valves. The hydraulic system further includes: an unloading valve including a pilot port; and a second solenoid proportional valve connected to the pilot port of the unloading valve by a secondary pressure line and connected to an auxiliary pump by a primary pressure line. A switching valve including a pilot port connected to the secondary pressure line by a pilot line is interposed between the auxiliary pump and the first solenoid proportional valves.

Abstract: A hydraulic system according to one aspect of the present disclosure includes: control valves interposed between a main pump and hydraulic actuators; and solenoid proportional valves connected to pilot ports of the control valves. Among the solenoid proportional valves, a first solenoid proportional valve and a second solenoid proportional valve are connected to a pair of pilot ports of a particular control valve, respectively. The first solenoid proportional valve and the second solenoid proportional valve are directly connected to an auxiliary pump. The solenoid proportional valves except the first solenoid proportional valve and the second solenoid proportional valve are connected to the auxiliary pump via a switching valve. The switching valve includes a pilot port that is connected, by a switching pilot line, to a first pilot line between the first solenoid proportional valve and the particular control valve.

Abstract: A hydraulic system includes: a slewing motor; a mechanical brake; and a slewing control valve interposed between a main pump and the slewing motor. A first pilot port of the slewing control valve is connected to a first solenoid proportional valve by a pilot line. A second pilot port of the slewing control valve is connected to a second solenoid proportional valve by a second pilot line. The first solenoid proportional valve and the second solenoid proportional valve are connected to an auxiliary pump by a primary pressure line. A switching valve is interposed between the auxiliary pump and the mechanical brake. The switching valve includes a pilot port that is connected to the first pilot line by a switching pilot line. The valve switches from a closed to an open position when a pilot pressure led to the pilot port becomes higher than or equal to a setting value.

Abstract: A hydraulic system of a construction machine includes: control valves interposed between a main pump and hydraulic actuators; and first solenoid proportional valves connected to pilot ports of the control valves. The hydraulic system further includes: an unloading valve including a pilot port; and a second solenoid proportional valve connected to the pilot port of the unloading valve by a secondary pressure line and connected to an auxiliary pump by a primary pressure line. A switching valve including a pilot port connected to the secondary pressure line by a pilot line is interposed between the auxiliary pump and the first solenoid proportional valves.

Abstract: A hydraulic excavator drive system includes a regeneration line, which connects an arm pushing and an arm crowding supply line, each of which extends between an arm cylinder and arm control valve. The regeneration line includes regeneration and switching valves. A release line that is branched off from the regeneration line at a position between the regeneration valve and the switching valve is provided with a release valve. A secondary pressure from a first solenoid proportional valve is fed to a pilot port of the regeneration valve such that the regeneration valve opens at a time of arm crowding. A secondary pressure from a second solenoid proportional valve is fed to a pilot port of the release valve such that release valve opens at a time of arm pushing. An arm pushing pilot pressure for moving the arm control valve is led to a pilot port of the switching valve.

Abstract: A hydraulic system of a construction machine includes: control valves interposed between a variable displacement main pump and hydraulic actuators; and first solenoid proportional valves connected to pilot ports of the control valves. The hydraulic system further includes: a regulator that changes a displacement of the main pump; and a second solenoid proportional valve connected to an auxiliary pump by a primary pressure line, the second solenoid proportional valve outputting a secondary pressure to the regulator through a secondary pressure line. A switching valve is interposed between the auxiliary pump and the first solenoid proportional valves, and includes a pilot port that is connected to the secondary pressure line by a pilot line.

Abstract: A hydraulic system according to one aspect of the present disclosure includes: control valves interposed between a main pump and hydraulic actuators; and solenoid proportional valves connected to pilot ports of the control valves. Among the solenoid proportional valves, a first solenoid proportional valve and a second solenoid proportional valve are connected to a pair of pilot ports of a particular control valve, respectively. The first solenoid proportional valve and the second solenoid proportional valve are directly connected to an auxiliary pump. The solenoid proportional valves except the first solenoid proportional valve and the second solenoid proportional valve are connected to the auxiliary pump via a switching valve. The switching valve includes a pilot port that is connected, by a switching pilot line, to a first pilot line between the first solenoid proportional valve and the particular control valve.

Abstract: A hydraulic drive system includes: a first hydraulic pump of the variable capacitance type; a first regulator including a first proportional valve; a second hydraulic pump that dispenses operating oil; a switch valve; a control device; and a malfunction detection device. The switch valve can switch to a third valve position in which the switch valve allows the operating oil dispensed from both the first hydraulic pump and the second hydraulic pump to be supplied to first and second traveling hydraulic motors and first and second hydraulic actuators. The control device controls the operation of the first proportional valve by outputting a first flow rate command signal to the first proportional valve, and when the malfunction detection device detects a malfunction of an electrical system related to the first proportional valve, the control device switches the switch valve to the third valve position.

Abstract: A hydraulic excavator drive system includes a regeneration line, which connects an arm pushing and an arm crowding supply line, each of which extends between an arm cylinder and arm control valve. The regeneration line includes regeneration and switching valves. A release line that is branched off from the regeneration line at a position between the regeneration valve and the switching valve is provided with a release valve. A secondary pressure from a first solenoid proportional valve is fed to a pilot port of the regeneration valve such that the regeneration valve opens at a time of arm crowding. A secondary pressure from a second solenoid proportional valve is fed to a pilot port of the release valve such that release valve opens at a time of arm pushing. An arm pushing pilot pressure for moving the arm control valve is led to a pilot port of the switching valve.

Abstract: A hydraulic drive system includes: a first hydraulic pump of the variable capacitance type; a first regulator including a first proportional valve; a second hydraulic pump that dispenses operating oil; a switch valve; a control device; and a malfunction detection device. The switch valve can switch to a third valve position in which the switch valve allows the operating oil dispensed from both the first hydraulic pump and the second hydraulic pump to be supplied to first and second traveling hydraulic motors and first and second hydraulic actuators. The control device controls the operation of the first proportional valve by outputting a first flow rate command signal to the first proportional valve, and when the malfunction detection device detects a malfunction of an electrical system related to the first proportional valve, the control device switches the switch valve to the third valve position.

Abstract: A hydraulic drive system raises and lowers an object by supplying and discharging operating oil to and from two ports of an actuator and includes a control device, first to fifth electromagnetic proportional control valves, first and second hydraulic pumps, a first and second control valve, and a lock valve. When a fourth pilot pressure is output, the second control valve causes the operating oil to be discharged from a first port in order to lower the object. The lock valve prevents the operating oil from being discharged from the first port by closing a path between the first port and the second control valve, and when a fifth pilot pressure is output from the fifth electromagnetic proportional control valve per an operating device, discharges the operating oil from the first port by opening the path between the first port and the second control valve, to lower the object.

Abstract: A hydraulic system of a construction machine includes: a pump that supplies hydraulic oil to a hydraulic actuator; a control valve on a center bypass line extending from the pump to a tank, the control valve including a bypass passage; an unloading valve on the center bypass line downstream of the control valve; and a controller that controls the unloading valve. The control valve is configured such that an opening area of the bypass passage is greater than an opening area of the unloading valve while an operation signal outputted from an operation device increases from a predetermined value to a first setting value, and such that the opening area of the bypass passage is less than or equal to ¼ of a maximum opening area of the bypass passage when the operation signal is greater than or equal to a second setting value greater than the first setting value.

Abstract: A hydraulic system of a construction machine includes: a pump that supplies hydraulic oil to a hydraulic actuator; a control valve on a center bypass line extending from the pump to a tank, the control valve including a bypass passage; an unloading valve on the center bypass line downstream of the control valve; and a controller that controls the unloading valve. The control valve is configured such that an opening area of the bypass passage is greater than an opening area of the unloading valve while an operation signal outputted from an operation device increases from a predetermined value to a first setting value, and such that the opening area of the bypass passage is less than or equal to ¼ of a maximum opening area of the bypass passage when the operation signal is greater than or equal to a second setting value greater than the first setting value.

Abstract: A hydraulic system includes: a control valve connected to a pump and a tank; a cylinder connected to the control valve by a rod-side and a head-side supply lines; a recycle line connects the rod-side to the head-side supply lines; a recycle valve on the recycle line being opened at a time of extending the cylinder and closed at a time of retracting the cylinder; a switching valve on the recycle line between the recycle valve and the head-side supply line being switched to a first state at the time of extending the cylinder and switched to a second state at the time of retracting the cylinder; a release line branches off from the recycle line at a position between the recycle and switching valves, and connects to the tank; and a release valve closed at the time of extending the cylinder and opened when retracting the cylinder.

Abstract: A hydraulic system includes: a control valve connected to a pump and a tank; a cylinder connected to the control valve by a rod-side and a head-side supply lines; a recycle line connects the rod-side to the head-side supply lines; a recycle valve on the recycle line being opened at a time of extending the cylinder and closed at a time of retracting the cylinder; a switching valve on the recycle line between the recycle valve and the head-side supply line being switched to a first state at the time of extending the cylinder and switched to a second state at the time of retracting the cylinder; a release line branches off from the recycle line at a position between the recycle and switching valves, and connects to the tank; and a release valve closed at the time of extending the cylinder and opened when retracting the cylinder.