Abstract: An image-bearing member suitable for carrying an electrostatic image and/or a toner image is formed by forming a surface layer on a substrate or a photosensitive layer. The surface layer comprises a high-melting point polyester resin shows a good dispersibility of the cured resin to provide to provide a durable layer in combination with the cured resin, whereby the surface layer provides an image-bearing surface suitable for electrophotography. The surface layer may be a protective layer or a photoconductive layer when it constitutes a photosensitive member.

Abstract: The present invention provides an electrophotographic photosensitive member comprising a conductive support and a photosensitive layer provided thereon, wherein the surface layer of the electrophotographic photosensitive member contains a polymer having a component unit represented by the following Formula (1) and a polymer having a component unit represented by the following Formula (2) and a component unit represented by the following Formula (3) in a certain proportion.

Abstract: An image-bearing member especially adapted to a very compact electrophotographic apparatus is provided. The image-bearing member has a ratio of the diameter to the length of 1:5 or more, and the surface of the image-bearing member has a relative frictional coefficient against urethane rubber of 0.7 or less with polyethylene terephthalate film as the standard, whereby a cleaning failure and generation of blade scratches on the image-bearing member can be avoided even if it has a small diameter of 45 mm or less. The cleaning effect is ensured if the cleaning blade line pressure is 7 g/cm or higher.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photosensitive member is constituted by an electroconductive support, and an intermediate layer and a photosensitive layer disposed in this order on the support. The intermediate layer comprises a reaction product of a mixture including a polyol compound [A] and a polyisocyanate compound[B] satisfying at least one of the following conditions (i) and (ii): (i) the polyol compound [A] is a high-molecular weight polyol compound, and (ii) the polyisocyanate compound is a polyoxyalkylene segmentcontaining polyisocyanate compound. The photosensitive member shows stable electrophotographic performances over wide environmental conditions from low temperature - low humidity to high temperature - high humidity due to the intermediate layer.

Abstract: An image holding member comprises an electroconductive substrate, a resin layer, and an image holding layer. The resin layer is placed between the electroconductive substrate and the image holding layer. The resin layer comprises metal-coated fine resin particles, and a binder resin.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photosensitive member has a photosensitive layer provided on an electroconductive support with interposition of an intermediate layer, the intermediate layer containing a polyether-polyurethane and an electroconductive substance.An electrophotographic apparatus, comprises an electrophotographic photosensitive member having a photosensitive layer provided on an electroconductive support with interposition of an intermediate layer, the intermediate layer containing a polyether-polyurethane and an electroconductive substance.A facsimile apparatus comprises an electrophotographic apparatus and a receiving means for receiving image information from a remote terminal, the electrophotographic apparatus comprising an electrophotographic photosensitive member having a photosensitive layer provided on an electroconductive support with interposition of an intermediate layer, the intermediate layer containing a polyether-polyurethane and an electroconductive substance.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photosensitive member comprises an intermediate layer between a support and a photosensitive layer, wherein said intermediate layer contains spherical resin fine powder.

Abstract: An electrophotographic apparatus comprises at least a charging means, an imagewise exposure means with a laser beam having a spot diameter of 100 um or less, a developing means, a transferring means and a cleaning means arranged around an electrophotographic photosensitive member, and said electrophotographic photosensitive member comprises a charge generation material and a charge transport material comprising an organic photoconductive material and has a surface layer containing said charge transport material, wherein the absorption end of visible to UV spectroscopic absorption of the surface layer is substantially unchanged by exposure to nitric acid vapor for 10 minutes; an electrophotographic image forming process; and an electrophotographic photosensitive member.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photosensitive member comprising an organic photoconductive material has a structure that a charge transport layer containing a charge transporting material and a binder and a charge generation layer containing a charge generating material and a binder are laminated in succession in this order on a conductive substrate. The weight ratio of said charge transporting material to said binder in said charge transport layer is not less than 12/10 and said charge generation layer contains a charge transporting material.

Abstract: There is disclosed an electrophotographic process adapted for using a cylindrical photosensitive member of a small diameter of 40 mm or less which has such a charging characteristic that when it is charged to 700 V (or -700 V) and then exposed to such an intensity of light as to provide a potential of 200 V (or -200 V) after exposure for 50 msec., the photosensitive member will have a potential of 20 to 150 V (or -20 to -150 V) after exposure for 150 msec. In the process, the steps of charging, exposure, developing and transfer involved, and the following relationship is satisfied: R.theta./v.gtoreq.0.30, wherein R (mm) is the outer diameter of the cylindrical photosensitive member, .theta. (radian) is the angle formed between the exposure and the developing position on the cylindrical photosensitive member with respect to the center thereof as the angle center, and v (mm/sec) is the circumferential speed of the cylindrical photosensitive member.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photosensitive member comprises a conductive substrate, a charge transport layer and a charge generation layer, wherein said charge generation layer is superposed on said charge transport layer, and said charge generation layer contains particles of a fluorine-containing resin. And, an image forming process comprising the repetition of an electrophotographic process uses said electrophotographic photosensitive member.

Abstract: A light receiving member provided with a coating layer having a light receiving layer on a substrate, where the thickness of the coating layer is regularly changed within the minute width of the coating layer.

Abstract: An electrophotographic process comprising the steps of:(a) charging an electrophotographic photosensitive member comprising a conductive substrate and a photosensitive layer which includes a charge generation layer and a charge transport layer containing a charge-transporting material;(b) forming an image on the charged electrophotographic photosensitive member by exposing the charged photosensitive member to light substantially free of rays having the wavelength band which can be absorbed by the charge-transporting material contained in the charge transport layer; and(c) developing the image with a developer.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photosensitive member comprises a layer containing a binder and at least one hydrazone compound represented by the following formula (1), (2), (3), (4), or (5): ##STR1##

Abstract: An electrophotographic photosensitive member comprises a layer containing at least one azo pigment represented by the following formula (I): ##STR1## in the formula, Cp represents a coupler residue; A.sub.1 and A.sub.2 each represent a divalent organic residue; n represents 0 or 1; and when n is 0, A.sub.3 represents substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted aryl, or --(CH.dbd.CH).sub.l --R', wherein R' is a substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclic ring residue an l is 0, 1 or 2, and when n is 1, A.sub.3 represents a divalent organic residue.

Abstract: An image-holding member for holding electrostatic images or toner images comprising a support and an image-holding layer contains a curable rubber layer.

Abstract: In an electrophotographic photosensitive member having a photoconductive layer composed of a photoconductive material and a binder, improvement wherein said binder is a curable rubber.