Abstract: Provided is a polishing composition that can reduce increase in temperature of a polishing pad during polishing. The polishing composition provided by the present invention contains water, oxidant A selected from compounds other than peroxide, a first metal salt selected from alkaline-earth metal salts, and a second metal salt selected from salts each of which has a cation of a metal belonging to groups 3 to 16 in the periodic table, and an anion.

Abstract: A surface light source device includes a light source unit, a reflector that is disposed to surround the light source unit, and reflects radiation light from the light source unit, and a light guide having an incidence surface on which the radiation light from the light source unit is incident, and an emission surface from which incident light that is incident through the incidence surface is emitted. The light source unit includes a plurality of point light sources with different major radiation directions.

Abstract: A surface light source device includes a light source unit, a reflector that is disposed to surround the light source unit, and reflects radiation light from the light source unit, and a light guide having an incidence surface on which the radiation light from the light source unit is incident, and an emission surface from which incident light that is incident through the incidence surface is emitted. The light source unit includes a plurality of point light sources with different major radiation directions.

Abstract: On a light exit surface which is the first principal plane of a light guide, multiple projections are fabricated in specific rows. These projections have light exit surfaces and continuous multiple slopes, and are fabricated from optically identical materials having the same refractive index as the substrate of the light guide. The slope farthest from the light entry edge surface is formed as a light exit surface, i.e., a surface which breaks the conditions for the total reflection of the incident light. On the other hand, the slope nearest the light entry edge surface which is the total reflection surface is formed such that the incident light is totally reflected.