Abstract: A training apparatus includes one or more memories and one or more processors. The one or more processors are configured to generate a graph based on a path of an error backward propagation, assign an identifier to each node based on the path of the error backward propagation in the graph, and execute the error backward propagation based on the graph and on the identifier.

Abstract: An information processing system, which is implemented by one or more information processing apparatuses, includes a first receiving unit configured to receive a first user identifier and a first organization identifier via a network from an external apparatus and a first authentication unit configured to perform authentication based on the first user identifier and the first organization identifier by referring to a storage unit storing one or more second user identifiers in association with second organization identifiers. The first authentication unit performs authentication by identifying an organization identifier matching the first organization identifier within the second organization identifiers and identifying a user identifier matching the first user identifier within the second user identifiers associated with the matching organization identifier.

Abstract: A service providing device includes a requesting unit for receiving, from the device operated by a user, a request for a process of using a service providing system having a different authentication base, and making a request to acquire authorization information for using the service providing system; a substitute authentication unit for acquiring authentication information of the service providing system from a second storage when the authorization information associated with the user is not stored in a first storage, and acquiring the authorization information from the service providing system by using the authentication information; and a providing unit for providing the authorization information stored in the first storage when the authorization information associated with the user is stored in the first storage, and providing the authorization information acquired from the service providing system when the authorization information associated with the user is not stored in the first storage.

Abstract: A disclosed system having a first service providing system providing a service to an apparatus and a second service providing system having an authentication infrastructure different from that of the first service providing system includes a connection destination changing unit receiving a permission request, from an apparatus operated by a first user, of requesting that a second user uses the second service providing system, changes a connection destination of the apparatus to the second service providing system, and causes the second service providing system to perform a permission process; an authority information acquiring unit receiving permission information indicating that the permission request is admitted from the apparatus and acquires post-permission authority information by using the permission information; and an authority information providing unit providing the post-permission authority information associated with the second user based on a request for a process received from another apparatus

Abstract: A service providing device includes a requesting unit for receiving, from the device operated by a user, a request for a process of using a service providing system having a different authentication base, and making a request to acquire authorization information for using the service providing system; a substitute authentication unit for acquiring authentication information of the service providing system from a second storage when the authorization information associated with the user is not stored in a first storage, and acquiring the authorization information from the service providing system by using the authentication information; and a providing unit for providing the authorization information stored in the first storage when the authorization information associated with the user is stored in the first storage, and providing the authorization information acquired from the service providing system when the authorization information associated with the user is not stored in the first storage.

Abstract: A disclosed system having a first service providing system providing a service to an apparatus and a second service providing system having an authentication infrastructure different from that of the first service providing system includes a connection destination changing unit receiving a permission request, from an apparatus operated by a first user, of requesting that a second user uses the second service providing system, changes a connection destination of the apparatus to the second service providing system, and causes the second service providing system to perform a permission process; an authority information acquiring unit receiving permission information indicating that the permission request is admitted from the apparatus and acquires post-permission authority information by using the permission information; and an authority information providing unit providing the post-permission authority information associated with the second user based on a request for a process received from another apparatus

Abstract: An information processing system, which is implemented by one or more information processing apparatuses, includes a first receiving unit configured to receive a first user identifier and a first organization identifier via a network from an external apparatus and a first authentication unit configured to perform authentication based on the first user identifier and the first organization identifier by referring to a storage unit storing one or more second user identifiers in association with second organization identifiers. The first authentication unit performs authentication by identifying an organization identifier matching the first organization identifier within the second organization identifiers and identifying a user identifier matching the first user identifier within the second user identifiers associated with the matching organization identifier.