Abstract: To provide a cooling device that can refrigerate foods and stably maintain high humidity without being limited by a region and a period. A cooling device includes a heat exchange unit that performs heat exchange between a refrigerant circulating in a freezer and air circulating in a box and an adjusting unit that maintains a state in which moisture adheres to heat transfer units of the heat exchange unit.

Abstract: A method of introducing a symbiotic fungus producing one chanoclavine as a final metabolic product into a plant, includes the steps of isolating symbiotic fungi from naturally existing plants, artificially cultivating the isolated symbiotic fungi, introducing the cultivated symbiotic fungi into target plants, infecting the target plants with the introduced symbiotic fungi, determining whether the introduced symbiotic fungi infecting the target plants produce the chanoclavine as the final metabolic product, and selecting the target plants which produce the chanoclavine as the final metabolic product.

Abstract: A method of introducing a symbiotic fungus producing one chanoclavine as a final metabolic product into a plant, includes the steps of isolating symbiotic fungi from naturally existing plants, artificially cultivating the isolated symbiotic fungi, introducing the cultivated symbiotic fungi into target plants, infecting the target plants with the introduced symbiotic fungi, determining whether the introduced symbiotic fungi infecting the target plants produce the chanoclavine as the final metabolic product, and selecting the target plants which produce the chanoclavine as the final metabolic product.

Abstract: The present invention provides a rice plant that shows enhanced growth and increased seed production, which also enables reduction of the use of chemical fertilizers. In the present invention, a nitrogen-fixing endophytic bacterium is isolated from bacteria symbiotically inhabiting natural plants, the isolated endophytic bacterium is artificially proliferated and then artificially inoculated into rice plants, and thus, the nitrogen-fixing endophytic bacteria are allowed to infect to rice plants.

Abstract: The objective of the present invention is to confer pest resistance to plants of Poaceae without using any chemically synthesized pesticides. The pest resistance can be conferred to plants of Poaceae by isolating from a natural plant an endophytic bacterium capable of expressing pest resistance, artificially culturing the endophytic bacterium, and introducing the bacteria to a Poaceae plant of interest.

Abstract: A symbiotic fungus is a filamentous fungus of a biologically pure culture. The filamentous fungus belongs to genus Neotyphodium and a final metabolic product thereof is a chanoclavine. Plant with the filamentous fungus introduced therein has resistance to pest and do not show toxicity to livestock.

Abstract: A symbiotic fungus is artificially introduced to a plant. The symbiotic fungus is a filamentous fungus of a biologically pure culture. The filamentous fungus belongs to genus Neotyphodium and produces one chanoclavine as a final metabolic product thereof. The plant with the filamentous fungus introduced therein has resistance to pest and does not show toxicity to livestock.

Abstract: The objective of the present invention is to confer pest resistance to plants of Poaceae without using any chemically synthesized pesticides.

Abstract: [Problems to be Solved]

Abstract: To provide an Italian rye grass with excellent characteristics, and in particular, excellent insect resistance and disease resistance, an endophyte, which is a filamentous endophytic fungus living together with a wild plant occurring in nature, is isolated and artificially grown, and made to live symbiotically in Italian rye grass by inoculating and infecting the grass with the artificially grown endophyte.

Abstract: To provide a plant not showing livestock toxicity due to symbiotic fungi with which it is infected, and having strong resistance to pests, symbiotic fungus comprising a filamentous fungus belonging to the genus Neotyphodium, wherein a filamentous fungus whose final metabolic product is chanoclavine, is artificially introduced into a plant to infect the plant.

Abstract: To provide an Italian rye grass with excellent characteristics, and in particular, excellent insect resistance and disease resistance, an endophyte, which is a filamentous endophytic fungus living together with a wild plant occurring in nature, is isolated and artificially grown, and made to live symbiotically in Italian rye grass by inoculating and infecting the grass with the artificially grown endophyte.

Abstract: To provide a grass having improved characteristics, an endophyte having endophytic fungi which produce an insect-resistant alkaloid is artificially introduced into a grass by inoculation so that the endophyte lives in and infects the grass.

Abstract: To provide rough bluegrasses having improved characteristics, and in particular improved insect resistance and disease resistance, an endophyte comprising a filamentous endophytic fungus living in wild plants that exist in nature is isolated and artificially grown, and rough bluegrasses are then inoculated and infected with the artificially grown endophyte so that the endophyte lives symbiotically in the rough bluegrasses. In particular, rough bluegrasses Poa trivialis and Poa compressa and endophytic fungus Acremonium sp. Po-060 (FERM P-15862).

Abstract: To provide a grass having improved characteristics, an endophyte having endophytic fungi which produce an insect-resistant alkaloid is artificially introduced into a grass by inoculation so that the endophyte lives in and infects the grass.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a variety obtained by selecting and cross-breeding those individuals producing the insect resistance substance peramine from Glyceria ischyroneura Steud. growing wild in various districts of Japan.