Abstract: A photonic crystal surface-emitting laser includes a light emitting region from which light is emitted in a direction crossing an in-plane direction, and a current blocking region that is adjacent to the light emitting region in the in-plane direction and in which current is less likely to flow than in the light emitting region. The light emitting region and the current blocking region each include a photonic crystal layer. The photonic crystal layer has a first region and second regions periodically arranged in the first region. A refractive index of each of the second regions is different from that of the first region. The light emitting region includes a first semiconductor layer, an active layer, and a second semiconductor layer. The first semiconductor layer, the active layer, and the second semiconductor layer are sequentially stacked on top of one another in an emission direction of the light.

Abstract: A vehicle operation management apparatus includes an operation management controller receiving information including embarking and disembarking position information; selecting an overnight stay parking lot; creating the operation plan including a plan of using at least one of electric power and fuel in accordance with a facility of the overnight stay parking lot; selecting the overnight vehicle; calculating a price corresponding to the operation plan; and transmitting information of the selected overnight vehicle and the determined price to the user terminal. Further, the overnight vehicle includes a rechargeable battery, and in a case where there is no facility capable of charging the battery and no: facility capable of performing fuel supply to the overnight vehicle in the overnight stay parking lot selected in the operation plan, travel, control in the operation plan is set to travel control of suppressing consumption of electric power from the battery in the overnight vehicle.

Abstract: A vehicle remote operation system includes a controller correcting a map, which indicates a relationship between an operation amount of a reference vehicle and an operation amount of a vehicle to be operated, based on vehicle characteristic data of the vehicle to be operated, characteristic of the operation device being determined based on characteristic of an operation device of the reference vehicle, correcting an operation amount, which is indicated by the operation signal, in accordance with a characteristic of the vehicle to be operated by using the corrected map, and outputting a control signal indicating the corrected operation amount to the vehicle to be operated so that the vehicle to be operated can be operated in accordance with the corrected operation amount.

Abstract: A vehicle remote operation system includes a controller correcting a map, which indicates a relationship between an operation amount of a reference vehicle and an operation amount of a vehicle to be operated, based on vehicle characteristic data of the vehicle to be operated, characteristic of the operation device being determined based on characteristic of an operation device of the reference vehicle, correcting an operation amount, which is indicated by the operation signal, in accordance with a characteristic of the vehicle to be operated by using the corrected map, and outputting a control signal indicating the corrected operation amount to the vehicle to be operated so that the vehicle to be operated can be operated in accordance with the corrected operation amount.

Abstract: A vehicle operation management apparatus includes an operation management controller receiving information including embarking and disembarking position information; selecting an overnight stay parking lot; creating the operation plan including a plan of using at least one of electric power and fuel in accordance with a facility of the overnight stay parking lot; selecting the overnight vehicle; calculating a price corresponding to the operation plan; and transmitting information of the selected overnight vehicle and the determined price to the user terminal. Further, the overnight vehicle includes a rechargeable battery, and in a case where there is no facility capable of charging the battery and no: facility capable of performing fuel supply to the overnight vehicle in the overnight stay parking lot selected in the operation plan, travel, control in the operation plan is set to travel control of suppressing consumption of electric power from the battery in the overnight vehicle.

Abstract: A vehicle remote operation system includes a controller correcting a map, which indicates a relationship between an operation amount of a reference vehicle and an operation amount of a vehicle to be operated, based on vehicle characteristic data of the vehicle to be operated, characteristic of the operation device being determined based on characteristic of an operation device of the reference vehicle, correcting an operation amount, which is indicated by the operation signal, in accordance with a characteristic of the vehicle to be operated by using the corrected map, and outputting a control signal indicating the corrected operation amount to the vehicle to be operated so that the vehicle to be operated can be operated in accordance with the corrected operation amount.

Abstract: A mixing blade is formed into a spiral shape by disposing blade plates, which are twisted in a predetermined manner in a circumferential direction of the blade, adjacent to each other in the circumferential direction along an inner wall surface of a mixer drum. Each of the blade plates includes a rib extended in the circumferential direction of the blade.