Abstract: A method includes calculating a plurality of first index values indicating access loads from one or more first virtual storage devices accessing a first physical storage device of a plurality of physical storage devices, to the first physical storage device, in a case where access loads from the one or more first virtual storage devices to a plurality of second physical storage devices including the first physical storage device are equalized across the second physical storage devices, the plurality of second physical storage devices being associated with the one or more first virtual storage devices; and outputting a plurality of second index values indicating access loads from a plurality of virtual machines to the first physical storage device, the second index values being obtained by summing the calculated first index values for each virtual machine associated with each of the one or more first virtual storage devices.

Abstract: A method for producing a sulfide solid electrolyte having an argyrodite-type crystal structure may involve: mixing a raw material containing elemental phosphorus at an integrated power of 0.5 kWh/kg or more, and heat-treating a precursor obtained in the mixing at 350 to 500° C.

Abstract: A temperature regulating device regulates temperature of the magnetic circuit component incorporated in a power converter and including a magnetic core and a coil wound around the magnetic core and includes a cooling device that cools the magnetic circuit component, a temperature estimation device that estimates a temperature of the magnetic circuit component, a target temperature determination device that determines a target temperature of the magnetic circuit component, at which a loss of the magnetic circuit component is lowered, based on a relationship between temperature and loss of the magnetic circuit component, and a cooling suppressor that, when the temperature of the magnetic circuit component estimated by the temperature estimation device is equal to or lower than a predetermined temperature lower than the target temperature, suppresses the cooling of the magnetic circuit component by the cooling device so that the temperature of the magnetic circuit component reaches the target temperature.

Abstract: An electromechanical transducer includes an electromechanical transducer film of laminated layers including a perovskite-type complex oxide represented by a general formula of ABO3; and a pair of electrodes opposed to each other with the electromechanical transducer film interposed between the pair of electrodes. In the general formula of ABO3, A includes Pb and B includes Zr and Ti.

Abstract: An electromechanical transducer element includes an electromechanical transducer film including a complex oxide that has a perovskite structure containing at least Pb, Zr and Ti; a pair of electrodes disposed to sandwich the electromechanical transducer film; and an insulating protective film covering the electromechanical transducer film and the pair of electrodes. Pb content of the electromechanical transducer film is uniform in a film thickness direction of the electromechanical transducer film, and a density of leak current measured between the pair of electrodes is 4.2×10?6 A/cm2 or less in an environment in which a water vapor pressure is 300 kPa.

Abstract: An electromechanical transducer element including a lower electrode, an electromechanical transducer film and an upper electrode formed on the electromechanical transducer film.

Abstract: An electromechanical transducer element includes an electromechanical transducer film including a complex oxide that has a perovskite structure containing at least Pb, Zr and Ti; a pair of electrodes disposed to sandwich the electromechanical transducer film; and an insulating protective film covering the electromechanical transducer film and the pair of electrodes. Pb content of the electromechanical transducer film is uniform in a film thickness direction of the electromechanical transducer film, and a density of leak current measured between the pair of electrodes is 4.2×10?6 A/cm2 or less in an environment in which a water vapor pressure is 300 kPa.

Abstract: A temperature regulating device regulates temperature of the magnetic circuit component incorporated in a power converter and including a magnetic core and a coil wound around the magnetic core and includes a cooling device that cools the magnetic circuit component, a temperature estimation device that estimates a temperature of the magnetic circuit component, a target temperature determination device that determines a target temperature of the magnetic circuit component, at which a loss of the magnetic circuit component is lowered, based on a relationship between temperature and loss of the magnetic circuit component, and a cooling suppressor that, when the temperature of the magnetic circuit component estimated by the temperature estimation device is equal to or lower than a predetermined temperature lower than the target temperature, suppresses the cooling of the magnetic circuit component by the cooling device so that the temperature of the magnetic circuit component reaches the target temperature.

Abstract: An electromechanical transducer includes an electromechanical transducer film of laminated layers including a perovskite-type complex oxide represented by a general formula of ABO3; and a pair of electrodes opposed to each other with the electromechanical transducer film interposed between the pair of electrodes. In the general formula of ABO3, A includes Pb and B includes Zr and Ti.

Abstract: An electromechanical transducer element including a lower electrode, an electromechanical transducer film and an upper electrode formed on the electromechanical transducer film.

Abstract: A liquid discharge apparatus includes a liquid discharge head and a head drive controller. The liquid discharge head includes an actuator including an electromechanical transducer element. The head drive controller controls the liquid discharge head. The head drive controller includes a drive waveform generator and a voltage updater. The drive waveform generator generates a drive waveform to be applied to the electromechanical transducer element. The voltage updater updates a voltage value of the drive waveform to a larger value with an elapse of time. The voltage updater sets a time interval of update of the voltage value to be longer as a number of times of the update is greater.

Abstract: A liquid discharge head includes a nozzle plate, a diaphragm, an electromechanical transducer element, and a characteristic fluctuation suppressor. The nozzle plate has a nozzle orifice communicated with a chamber to discharge a discharge liquid stored in the chamber. The diaphragm divides a part of the chamber. The transducer element is disposed on the diaphragm and includes a lamination of a lower electrode, an electromechanical transducer film, and an upper electrode. The suppressor applies a characteristic fluctuation suppression voltage to suppress characteristic fluctuation of the transducer element in a section between a drive waveform applied to the transducer element and a subsequent drive waveform. The suppressor sets the suppression voltage to be larger than a negative coercive electric field of the transducer film and smaller than a positive coercive electric field of the transducer film and have a waveform that does not discharge the liquid in the chamber.

Abstract: A liquid droplet discharging device includes a liquid droplet discharging head including a nozzle hole, a pressurized liquid chamber communicating with the nozzle hole, a vibration plate constituting a side of the pressurized liquid chamber, a control device, and a thin film piezoelectric substance to vibrate the vibration plate by a drive voltage to discharge liquid droplets and a voltage application device to apply a voltage waveform having a voltage equal to or greater than the drive voltage between when the main power is activated and when first print starts.

Abstract: A liquid ejection head includes structures arrayed in a predetermined direction, each structure including a nozzle to eject liquid, a pressure chamber in communication with the nozzle, and an ejection drive unit to increase pressure of the liquid in the pressure chamber. The ejection drive unit includes a diaphragm to form a wall of the pressure chamber, and an electromechanical transducer element including an electromechanical transducer film, the diaphragm being convex toward the pressure chamber. When an amount of curvature of the diaphragm for the pressure chamber is defined by a radius of curvature, a difference between minimum and maximum radii of curvature of the diaphragm for 20 channels of the pressure chambers is equal to or less than 1500 ?m, the 20 channels being counted from one of the pressure chambers at each of end portions of the structures in the predetermined direction.

Abstract: A liquid discharge apparatus includes a liquid discharge head and a head drive controller. The liquid discharge head includes an actuator including an electromechanical transducer element. The head drive controller controls the liquid discharge head. The head drive controller includes a drive waveform generator and a voltage updater. The drive waveform generator generates a drive waveform to be applied to the electromechanical transducer element. The voltage updater updates a voltage value of the drive waveform to a larger value with an elapse of time. The voltage updater sets a time interval of update of the voltage value to be longer as a number of times of the update is greater.

Abstract: A liquid discharge head includes a nozzle plate, a diaphragm, an electromechanical transducer element, and a characteristic fluctuation suppressor. The nozzle plate has a nozzle orifice communicated with a chamber to discharge a discharge liquid stored in the chamber. The diaphragm divides a part of the chamber. The transducer element is disposed on the diaphragm and includes a lamination of a lower electrode, an electromechanical transducer film, and an upper electrode. The suppressor applies a characteristic fluctuation suppression voltage to suppress characteristic fluctuation of the transducer element in a section between a drive waveform applied to the transducer element and a subsequent drive waveform. The suppressor sets the suppression voltage to be larger than a negative coercive electric field of the transducer film and smaller than a positive coercive electric field of the transducer film and have a waveform that does not discharge the liquid in the chamber.

Abstract: A V-block refractometer capable of enhancing measurement accuracy is provided. An incident angle of measurement light incident on a V-block prism 1 from a collimator lens 48 is changed through the rotation of a motor 7, and the measurement light from the V-block prism 1 at each incident angle is detected by a detector 2. This configuration eliminates the need to provide the detector 2 near the motor 7 as in the conventional art, whereby deterioration in measurement accuracy caused by an increase in load to the motor 7 can be prevented, and the measurement accuracy can be enhanced.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing an electromechanical transducer includes forming a first electrode on a substrate or a base film, forming a piezoelectric film made of lead zirconate titanate on the first electrode, forming a second electrode on the piezoelectric film, and polarizing the piezoelectric film. The polarizing includes applying to the second electrode a positive polarity voltage having a positive polarity relative to a potential of the first electrode, and satisfying a first expression of ?EcP?(?Ec)<0 and a second expression of |?EcP?(?Ec)|>0.15×EcPav, where ?Ec represents an initial coercive field of a negative polarity side of the electromechanical transducer, ?EcP represents a coercive field of the negative polarity side after the applying, EcP represents a coercive field of a positive polarity side after the applying, and EcPav represents an average of absolute values of the coercive field ?EcP and the coercive field EcP.

Abstract: A liquid droplet discharging device includes a liquid droplet discharging head including a nozzle hole, a pressurized liquid chamber communicating with the nozzle hole, a vibration plate constituting a side of the pressurized liquid chamber, a control device, and a thin film piezoelectric substance to vibrate the vibration plate by a drive voltage to discharge liquid droplets and a voltage application device to apply a voltage waveform having a voltage equal to or greater than the drive voltage between when the main power is activated and when a first print starts.

Abstract: A liquid ejection head includes structures arrayed in a predetermined direction, each structure including a nozzle to eject liquid, a pressure chamber in communication with the nozzle, and an ejection drive unit to increase pressure of the liquid in the pressure chamber. The ejection drive unit includes a diaphragm to form a wall of the pressure chamber, and an electromechanical transducer element including an electromechanical transducer film, the diaphragm being convex toward the pressure chamber. When an amount of curvature of the diaphragm for the pressure chamber is defined by a radius of curvature, a difference between minimum and maximum radii of curvature of the diaphragm for 20 channels of the pressure chambers is equal to or less than 1500 ?m, the 20 channels being counted from one of the pressure chambers at each of end portions of the structures in the predetermined direction.