Abstract: A control system controls a control object device on the basis of control information using a control device and includes: a conversion unit configured to convert an imaging signal obtained by capturing an image generated on the basis of pre-conversion input information which is input information including the control information to the input information and to output post-conversion input information; and a transmission unit configured to transmit the control information included in the post-conversion input information to the control device.

Abstract: Provided is an electrophotographic photoconductor including an electroconductive substrate, a photoconductive layer on the electroconductive substrate, and a protection layer on the photoconductive layer, wherein the protection layer contains two or more metal oxides having different average primary particle diameters, a binder resin, and a charge transporting material, the content of the metal oxides in the protection layer is 50% by mass or higher, and the average primary particle diameters of the metal oxides satisfy all of formula (I) to (III) below: d(1)<d(2)??formula (I); d(1)/d(2)?0.25??formula (II); and 0.1 ?m?d(2)??formula (III) where d(1) represents the average primary particle diameter (?m) of one metal oxide of the two or more metal oxides contained in the protection layer, and d(2) represents the average primary particle diameter (?m) of another or the other metal oxide of the two or more metal oxides contained in the protection layer.

Abstract: Provided is an electrophotographic photoconductor including an electroconductive substrate, a photoconductive layer on the electroconductive substrate, and a protection layer on the photoconductive layer, wherein the protection layer contains two or more metal oxides having different average primary particle diameters, a binder resin, and a charge transporting material, the content of the metal oxides in the protection layer is 50% by mass or higher, and the average primary particle diameters of the metal oxides satisfy all of formulae (I) to (III) below: d(1)<d(2)??formula (I); d(1)/d(2)?0.25??formula (II); and 0.1 ?m?d(2)??formula (III) where d(1) represents the average primary particle diameter (?m) of one metal oxide of the two or more metal oxides contained in the protection layer, and d(2) represents the average primary particle diameter (?m) of another or the other metal oxide of the two or more metal oxides contained in the protection layer.