Abstract: An apparatus and method based on the apparatus is disclosed for detecting and monitoring chemical and/or bio-chemical reactions or interactions at the single molecule level, where detection and monitoring is improved by moving the viewing field of the detector in a controlled manner. The motion of the moving frame is accomplished either through software in the detector system or is accomplished by moving the reacting system. The motion is controlled and is either linear, circular or elliptical. The motion provides for improved site identification or mapping, improved event detection and monitoring, improved signal recognition and improved noise reduction.

Abstract: Support surfaces are disclosed that are designed to support molecules or molecular assemblies immobilized thereon so that the molecules or molecular assemblies can be observed in single molecule detections systems, where the support surfaces have reduced background and the fluorescent labels associated with the immobilized molecules or molecular assemblies have longer active lifetimes prior to permanent photo-bleaching or deactivation and have improve fluorescence properties and where the surfaces have more uniform fluorescent properties.

Abstract: A method to be implemented on or in a computer is disclosed, where the method includes data collection, calibration, candidate selection, and analysis of data streams associated with each candidate to classify single molecule fluorescence resonance energy transfer events. Once classified, the classification can be related to the nature of the events, such as the identification of dNTP incorporation during primer extension to obtain a base read out of an unknown template.

Abstract: A method to be implemented on or in a computer is disclosed, where the method includes data collection, calibration, candidate selection, and analysis of data streams associated with each candidate to classify single molecule fluorescence resonance energy transfer events. Once classified, the classification can be related to the nature of the events, such as the identification of dNTP incorporation during primer extension to obtain a base read out of an unknown template.

Abstract: An apparatus and method based on the apparatus is disclosed for detecting and monitoring chemical and/or bio-chemical reactions or interactions at the single molecule level, where detection and monitoring is improved by moving the viewing field of the detector in a controlled manner. The motion of the moving frame is accomplished either through software in the detector system or is accomplished by moving the reacting system. The motion is controlled and is either linear, circular or elliptical. The motion provides for improved site identification or mapping, improved event detection and monitoring, improved signal recognition and improved noise reduction.

Abstract: Support surfaces are disclosed that are designed to support molecules or molecular assemblies immobilized thereon so that the molecules or molecular assemblies can be observed in single molecule detections systems, where the support surfaces have reduced background and the fluorescent labels associated with the immobilized molecules or molecular assemblies have longer active lifetimes prior to permanent photo-bleaching or deactivation and have improve fluorescence properties and where the surfaces have more uniform fluorescent properties.

Abstract: A method to be implemented on or in a computer is disclosed, where the method includes data collection, calibration, candidate selection, and analysis of data streams associated with each candidate to classify single molecule fluorescence resonance energy transfer events. Once classified, the classification can be related to the nature of the events, such as the identification of dNTP incorporation during primer extension to obtain a base read out of an unknown template.