Abstract: Disclosed herein are devices, methods, and systems that useful for allowing consumers to purchase a fluid in limited and/or discrete amounts or volumes, for example as-needed, daily, weekly, etc. In various embodiments, the disclosed devices, systems, and methods provide for an innovative fluid distribution system, including a device that can receive and monitor payment for a discrete amount of fluid, measure the fluid as it flows through the device, and stop fluid flow when the discrete amount of fluid has flowed through the device. The disclosed device may be in communication with a central server for receiving payment from the user, and providing information to the central server of the device's status.

Abstract: The present disclosure is directed to new ferritic alloys comprising iron, chromium, and silicon. The novel alloys have surprisingly enhanced corrosion resistant properties, with excellent workability, strength, and ductility. The disclosed alloys, and products made therefrom are useful in making low cost, efficient, and clean biomass stove combustors, as well as other devices for use with biomass fuel.

Abstract: A method of distributing liquefied petroleum gas is described. The method comprises receiving payment for a predetermined amount of liquefied petroleum gas, transmitting an instruction to a valve to distribute liquefied petroleum gas monitoring, by a metering device, an amount of liquefied petroleum gas distributed determining, by the metering device, that the amount of distributed liquefied petroleum gas has reached a threshold amount, wherein the threshold amount is based, at least in part, on the predetermined amount, and responsive to determining that the amount of distributed liquefied petroleum gas has reached the threshold amount, transmitting an instruction to the valve to cease distribution of the liquefied petroleum gas.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are systems and devices that aid in reducing particulate emissions from biomass stoves, for example by the use of gases injected in or near the oxidation zone of a combustion chamber. Also disclosed are systems and devices providing electricity to a pump or blower that aids in injecting the gas and/or collecting exhaust gases. In some embodiments the device providing electricity is a thermoelectric generator that may also be used to power other devices. In many embodiments, the systems and devices inject a gas at or near the oxidation zone in the combustion chamber of a biomass stove. The gas injected into the zone may be fresh air, exhaust from combustion or combinations thereof. The gas can be forced into the to combustion chamber with the aid of a pump or blower that may also aid in drawing in exhaust gas.

Abstract: A combustion chamber, having an upper part and a lower part, may include an annular constriction, in combination with the combustion chamber, to aid in directing partially combusted gases such as carbon monoxide away from the periphery of the combustion chamber back toward its center, and into the flame front. The annular constriction may also impede the flow of partially combusted gases located at the periphery, thus increasing the time these gases spend within the combustion chamber and increasing the likelihood that any products of incomplete combustion will undergo combustion. The combustion chamber may further comprise a dual burner cooktop for directing combustion gases and exhaust to multiple cooking vessels. In further embodiments, the combustion chamber may be made of, lined, or clad with a metal alloy comprising iron, chromium, and aluminum.

Abstract: A combustion chamber, having an upper part and a lower part, may include an annular constriction, in combination with the combustion chamber, to aid in directing partially combusted gases such as carbon monoxide away from the periphery of the combustion chamber back toward its center, and into the flame front. The annular constriction may also impede the flow of partially combusted gases located at the periphery, thus increasing the time these gases spend within the combustion chamber and increasing the likelihood that any products of incomplete combustion will undergo combustion. The combustion chamber may further comprise a dual burner cooktop for directing combustion gases and exhaust to multiple cooking vessels. In further embodiments, the combustion chamber may be made of, lined, or clad with a metal alloy comprising iron, chromium, and aluminum.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are devices and methods that aid in providing high efficiency stoves for developing and underdeveloped regions. In some embodiments, the stoves are plancha-style stoves comprise cast iron planchas that are more durable and efficient that existing stoves. The plancha-style stoves, described herein may comprise a combustion chamber comprising an inlet, a stack chamber comprising an inlet and an outlet; a gas path chamber, comprising a ceiling and a floor, wherein the ceiling is defined by a removable plancha cooking surface having a substantially planar upper surface and a lower surface; a chimney box; and a chimney. In many embodiments, the stack chamber defines a cross-sectional area that is larger than the cross-sectional area of the inlet to the combustion chamber to prevent smoke from escaping the combustion chamber through the inlet.

Abstract: A combustion chamber, having an upper part and a lower part, may include an annular constriction, in combination with the combustion chamber, to aid in directing partially combusted gases such as carbon monoxide away from the periphery of the combustion chamber back toward its center, and into the flame front. The annular constriction may also impede the flow of partially combusted gases located at the periphery, thus increasing the time these gases spend within the combustion chamber and increasing the likelihood that any products of incomplete combustion will undergo combustion. The combustion chamber may further comprise a dual burner cooktop for directing combustion gases and exhaust to multiple cooking vessels. In further embodiments, the combustion chamber may be made of, lined, or clad with a metal alloy comprising iron, chromium, and aluminum.