Abstract: The present invention is a system and method for improving extraction of analytes from a solution by disposing a plurality of polydimethylsiloxane(PDMS) particles in a thin layer on an inner wall of an extraction vial, by increasing a surface area and volume of particles disposed to extract analytes from the solution and thereby increasing extraction capacity and speed for gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis.

Abstract: A system and method for improving operation of a needle trap by changing a flow path through a needle trap to enable a needle to draw a fluid sample into a working end of the needle and out through the side hole, wherein drawing the sample through the side hole eliminates the possibility of a leak through the side hole while drawing a fluid sample into the working end.

Abstract: A system and method for improving operation of a needle trap by changing a flow path through a needle trap to enable a needle to draw a fluid sample into a working end of the needle and out through the side hole, wherein drawing the sample through the side hole eliminates the possibility of a leak through the side hole while drawing a fluid sample into the working end.

Abstract: A convenient and efficient method for heating or cooling the mobile phase fluid of a chromatographic system prior to its entry into the chromatographic column is described. The “preheating” or “precooling” process is carried out using an apparatus containing a short length of tubing where the mobile phase is heated or cooled. The heating or cooling is performed using a heating or cooling element that is in intimate thermal contact with the exterior of the tubing. The temperature change of the mobile phase is measured downstream by a non-invasive, low-mass sensing element on the exterior of the tubing. With a low mass heating or cooling element, the device can be very responsive and allows for rapid equilibration and convenient temperature programming of the mobile phase. This configuration also requires only a short mobile phase contact time, is non-invasive, adds no dead volume, and allows for use of columns over a wide range of internal diameter, flow rates and temperatures.