Abstract: A method and system for controlling connection or disconnection of strings of battery cells to one or more of a load or a power source of a powered system are provided. The method and system can identify (e.g., predict, estimate, or calculate) upcoming deterioration of the battery cells in each of the strings based on connecting or disconnecting the respective string to the one or more of the load or the power source. At least one of the strings can be selected for connecting to the one or more of the load or the power source based on the deterioration that is identified. The method and system can one or more of power the load or charge the battery cells in the at least one of the strings using the power source based on the deterioration that is identified.

Abstract: A battery management system thermally conditions a battery assembly prior to a determined upcoming time or the battery assembly's arrival at an upcoming location, and selects a source of the power used for the thermal conditioning.

Abstract: An energy device control system may include an energy source enclosure that can be coupled with external loads via first external connectors outside of the energy source enclosure. The system also may include an external control device coupled with the energy source enclosure via second external connectors such that the external control device is galvanically isolated from energy device cells inside the energy source enclosure. The external control device may communicate with internal control components of the energy source enclosure via the second external connectors to control charging and/or discharging of the device cells via the first external connectors.

Abstract: A charge transfer timing system and method include determining a charge capability of one or more power sources configured to supply charging power to multiple battery packs of a powered system. The system and method include calculating a time required to charge the battery packs to at least one of a target voltage or a target energy level. The time that is calculated may be based at least in part on a current state of charge (SOC) of the battery packs, a pack configuration of the battery packs, and the charge capability.

Abstract: A charge transfer timing system and method include determining a depletion configuration of one or more loads of a powered system. The one or more loads are configured to be powered by multiple battery packs of the powered system. The charge transfer timing system and method include calculating a time required to deplete the battery packs to at least one of a target voltage or a target energy level. Calculating the time is based at least in part on a current state of charge (SOC) of the battery packs, a pack configuration of the battery packs, and the depletion configuration.

Abstract: A battery control system and method selectively connect battery strings to one or more conductive buses by plural electrically controllable switches. The switches are controlled to one or more of (a) connect the strings with one or more of the load or the power source via the one or more conductive buses in a first sequence and/or (b) disconnect the strings from one or more of the load or the power source via the one or more conductive buses in a second sequence. The first sequence and the second sequence are based on one or more of states of charge between the strings, different charge capacities between the strings, different electric currents conducted through the strings, different polarities of the electric currents conducted through the strings, and/or a speed of a vehicle that is powered by the one or more loads.

Abstract: A battery control system and method selectively connect battery strings to one or more conductive buses by plural electrically controllable switches. The switches are controlled to one or more of (a) connect the strings with one or more of the load or the power source via the one or more conductive buses in a first sequence and/or (b) disconnect the strings from one or more of the load or the power source via the one or more conductive buses in a second sequence. The first sequence and the second sequence are based on one or more of states of charge between the strings, different charge capacities between the strings, different electric currents conducted through the strings, different polarities of the electric currents conducted through the strings, and/or a speed of a vehicle that is powered by the one or more loads.

Abstract: A ground impedance and fault detection system may include a controller that can identify a location of a ground fault in a circuit. The circuit also may include one or more positive contactors connected with a positive portion of the bus between battery strings and a load and a negative bus contactor coupled with a negative portion of the bus between the battery strings and the loads. The controller may identify the ground fault by opening the one or more positive contactors and closing the negative bus contactor, measuring the voltages using the impedance devices, and comparing the voltages that are measured.

Abstract: A system and method that identify a location and/or magnitude of a ground fault in a circuit having a bus that connects battery strings with loads and a ground reference between the loads are provided. Potential of the bus is shifted relative to a ground reference in a first direction. A first impedance in the bus between the battery strings and the ground reference is determined, and the bus is shifted relative to the ground reference in a second direction. A second impedance in the bus between the battery strings and the ground reference is determined. A location and/or severity of a ground fault is determined based on a relationship between the first impedance and the second impedance.

Abstract: A battery control system and method selectively connect battery strings to one or more conductive buses by plural electrically controllable switches. The switches are controlled to one or more of (a) connect the strings with one or more of the load or the power source via the one or more conductive buses in a first sequence and/or (b) disconnect the strings from one or more of the load or the power source via the one or more conductive buses in a second sequence. The first sequence and the second sequence are based on one or more of states of charge between the strings, different charge capacities between the strings, different electric currents conducted through the strings, different polarities of the electric currents conducted through the strings, and/or a speed of a vehicle that is powered by the one or more loads.

Abstract: A system and method that identify a location and/or magnitude of a ground fault in a circuit having a bus that connects battery strings with loads and a ground reference between the loads are provided. Potential of the bus is shifted relative to a ground reference in a first direction. A first impedance in the bus between the battery strings and the ground reference is determined, and the bus is shifted relative to the ground reference in a second direction. A second impedance in the bus between the battery strings and the ground reference is determined. A location and/or severity of a ground fault is determined based on a relationship between the first impedance and the second impedance.

Abstract: A system and method determine (a) thermal characteristics of an energy storage apparatus that supplies electric current to one or more vehicular loads for powering the one or more vehicular loads and/or (b) electrical characteristics of the energy storage apparatus or the one or more vehicular loads. The system and method determine whether operation of the energy storage apparatus indicates that the energy storage apparatus is unexpectedly heating or unexpectedly cooling and identifying a fault in the energy storage apparatus responsive to determining that the energy storage apparatus is unexpectedly heating or unexpectedly cooling.

Abstract: A battery management system thermally conditions a battery assembly prior to a determined upcoming time or the battery assembly's arrival at an upcoming location, and selects a source of the power used for the thermal conditioning.