Abstract: A reactor defines first and second flow channels within the reactor, the first flow channels and the second flow channels extending in parallel directions along at least the major part of their lengths. A removable non-structural catalyst insert is provided in those channels in which a reaction is to occur, the catalyst insert comprising a plurality of foils bonded together and which subdivide the flow channel into a multiplicity of flow sub-channels. At least one end portion of the catalyst insert is devoid of active catalytic material. The end portion that is devoid of active catalytic material suppresses the reaction in that part of the flow channel, and so reduces the requirement for any thermal transfer at that part of the flow channel.

Abstract: An activation process for a Fischer-Tropsch catalyst is described. The process comprises a first reduction step; an oxidation step; the introduction of the catalyst into a Fischer-Tropsch reactor; and a second reduction step.

Abstract: Compositions of a mixture of (A) a polymerizable compound, which undergoes polymerization on exposure to heat or to actinic radiation, having the general formula wherein Q is an organic charge transporting fragment, L is a linker group, X is a group capable of undergoing free radical or anionic polymerization on exposure to heat or actinic radiation, m is 0 or 1, and n is an integer having a value of 2 or more; and (B) a phosphorescent material are described, as is an organic light-emitting diode (OLED) device comprising at least one emissive layer that has been formed by polymerizing such a composition. A method for forming an OLED, including depositing a layer containing the polymerizable composition from solution and exposing the layer to heat or actinic radiation to induce polymerization, is also disclosed.

Abstract: A sugar coating is formed on a solution multiplicity of items (5) such as confectionery, using a suspension of crystal nuclei in a solution of sugar. This suspension is created by ultrasonic irradiation of a supersaturated solution. For example a saturated solution is cooled, and stored in a tank (16) connected to a recirculation (10) loop (18) containing a pump (24) and an ultrasonic irradiation module (26). Treated suspension (20) is withdrawn to coat items (11), and new supersaturated solution (14) is introduced. The sugar solution is sufficiently viscous to suppress crystal growth.

Abstract: Compositions of a mixture of (A) a polymerisable compound, which undergoes polymerisation on exposure to heat or to actinic radiation, having the general formula wherein Q is an organic charge transporting fragment, L is a linker group, X is a group capable of undergoing free radical or anionic polymerisation on exposure to heat or actinic radiation, m is 0 or 1, and n is an integer having a value of 2 or more; and (B) a phosphorescent material are described, as is an organic light-emitting diode (OLED) device comprising at least one emissive layer that has been formed by polymerising such a composition. A method for forming an OLED, including depositing a layer containing the polymerisable composition from solution and exposing the layer to heat or actinic radiation to induce polymerisation, is also disclosed.