Abstract: An onboard real-time lap, segment, section and start (“holeshot”) time measuring and feedback system for racing is provided. The system further provides a communication link between a third party (mobile device, team/team members, other participants) and the racer. The system digitally recreates and enhances what is known as a “pit board” or manual written means of communicating with the user. Additional training features are optionally provided. Post-race/practice data may then be uploaded to a mobile device for further analytics and comparison amongst other racers, athletes and/or other users.

Abstract: In a device and a method for removing nitrogen oxides from the exhaust of an internal combustion engine which is operated predominantly with an excess of air, the internal combustion engine is assigned an exhaust system having a nitrogen oxide reduction catalytic converter which comprises two catalytic converter parts, whose reducing agent filling levels can be determined. Metering of a reducing-agent-containing additive into the exhaust gas of the internal combustion engine takes place as a function of the reducing agent filling level of the first catalytic converter part and/or of the second catalytic converter part.

Abstract: In a device and a method for removing nitrogen oxides from the exhaust of an internal combustion engine which is operated predominantly with an excess of air, the internal combustion engine is assigned an exhaust system having a nitrogen oxide reduction catalytic converter which comprises two catalytic converter parts, whose reducing agent filling levels can be determined. Metering of a reducing-agent-containing additive into the exhaust gas of the internal combustion engine takes place as a function of the reducing agent filling level of the first catalytic converter part and/or of the second catalytic converter part.

Abstract: In a method and apparatus for the cylinder-specific determination and control of a fuel injection quantity for a multi-cylinder internal combustion engine, the exhaust gas pressures of the cylinders of the internal combustion engine is recorded on a time-resolved, i.e. crankshaft angle-resolved, basis, and an exhaust gas pressure is calculated therefrom individually for each cylinder and used to determine the fuel quantity injected into the corresponding cylinder. In a comparison with a desired value the cylinder-specific actual fuel injection quantity error is then determined and used to set a corrected quantity of fuel to be injected into the corresponding cylinder.

Abstract: In a method for operating an internal combustion engine, in particular an auto-ignition internal combustion engine, having at least one combustion chamber in which an air/fuel mixture is formed, and recirculated exhaust gas is admixed to the combustion air, a base setting of the exhaust gas recirculation rate is established as a function of a first characteristic operating variable, the exhaust gas recirculation rate is adjusted depending on at least one of the first and a second characteristic operating variable, and, in order to optimize combustion, the exhaust gas recirculation rate is adjusted a second time on the basis of a combustion noise measurement.

Abstract: In a method and apparatus for the cylinder-specific determination and control of a fuel injection quantity for a multi-cylinder internal combustion engine, the exhaust gas pressures of the cylinders of the internal combustion engine is recorded on a time-resolved, i.e. crankshaft angle-resolved, basis, and an exhaust gas pressure is calculated therefrom individually for each cylinder and used to determine the fuel quantity injected into the corresponding cylinder. In a comparison with a desired value the cylinder-specific actual fuel injection quantity error is then determined and used to set a corrected quantity of fuel to be injected into the corresponding cylinder.

Abstract: The invention relates to a nozzle needle 4 of an injection nozzle 1, which is disposed within an injector housing and is biased against a housing shoulder 5 by way of a spring 2. A piezo-element 7 is between the spring 2 and the housing shoulder 5, to determine the nozzle needle path during opening and closing of the nozzle opening 3. For this purpose, the piezo-element 7 has two electrical connectors 8.1, 8.2 in the region of the faces 7.1, 7.2, respectively.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and a corresponding apparatus for detecting the rotational speed of turbochargers, especially on internal combustion engines in motor vehicles, with the steps: recording the body sound (SE) of the turbocharger and analyzing the frequency spectrum (30, 31, 32, 33) of the recorded body sound (SE). According to the invention, in the analysis of the frequency spectrum several frequency signals (SD1, SD2, SD3) are determined, which represent possible rotational speeds of the turbocharger, an amplitude analysis of the recorded body sound (SE) is performed in order to determine an estimated value (SD-estimate) for the turbocharger speed, and the estimated value (SD-estimate) is correlated with the several frequency signals (SD1, SD2, SD3) in order to determine the frequency signal (SD2) as the actual turbocharger rotational speed (Dactual) which correlates with the greatest probability with the obtained estimate (SD-estimate).

Abstract: In a method for operating a diesel engine and a diesel engine, wherein engine emission control is provided by switching between a lean mode with superstoichiometric combustion air ratio ?>1 and a rich mode with substoichiometric combustion air ratio ?<1, the engine-torque fluctuations during the switching are determined and engine parameters which influence the engine torque, are adjusted so as to keep the engine torque constant during the switchover.

Abstract: In a method for operating a diesel engine and a diesel engine, wherein engine emission control is provided by switching between a lean mode with superstoichiometric combustion air ratio &lgr;>1 and a rich mode with substoichiometric combustion air ratio &lgr;<1, the engine-torque fluctuations during the switching are determined and engine parameters which influence the engine torque, are adjusted so as to keep the engine torque constant during the switchover.

Abstract: A system for automatic charging pressure control using an exhaust gas turbocharger with a variably adjustable turbine cross-section and for automatic exhaust gas recirculation control in the case of an internal-combustion engine, particularly a diesel engine. An automatic control system has a first controller which has an output for the variation of the turbine cross-section of the exhaust gas turbocharger. The command variable for the automatic exhaust gas recirculation control in a first low load-rotational speed range is the air flow rate in the intake pipe. The command variable for the automatic charging pressure control in a second higher load-rotational speed range is the charging pressure in the intake pipe. For the automatic exhaust gas recirculation control, an exhaust gas recirculation pipe connects the exhaust gas pipe with the suction pipe.

Abstract: An arrangement for detecting the turbocharger rotational speed on internal-combustion engines is provided with at least one piezoelectric acceleration sensor fixed on the turbocharger and with an analyzing circuit having an analog filter arrangement for filtering the output signals of the acceleration sensor. The output signals of the filter arrangement are fed by way of a frequency-to-voltage converter in the form of an analog voltage, or directly in the form of frequency signals, as input signals to an electronic control unit of the internal-combustion engine or to a measuring and/or display unit. As a result, the turbocharger rotational speed can be detected at a reasonable cost with a small and robust arrangement suitable for mass production and requiring no constructional changes on the turbocharger.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of operating a diesel engine having an engine controller which controls the operation of the diesel engine as a function of characteristic maps and permits rich/lean control of the diesel engine. The engine controller includes a computer which effects a changeover to rich or lean operation of the diesel engine as a function of predetermined changeover criteria, a sensor system which communicates with the computer and monitors parameters needed for changeover criteria, and a memory which communicates with the computer and in which the characteristic maps for operating the diesel engine are stored. The computer effects a changeover from lean to rich operation when all the changeover criteria in this respect are satisfied, and effects a change back from rich to lean operation when at least one of the changeover criteria in this respect is satisfied.

Abstract: This invention relates to a small portable microprocessor based circuit (electronic module) that contains information about the user of the circuit that is known or inherently known by the user. The circuit is small enough to fit inside a thickened U.S. nickel and enables a user to perform secure transactions such as money transfers, information transfers, access control, etc. The electronic module is designed to be extremely secure both physically and electronically. Furthermore, the electronic module is useless to a person other than the designated user.

Abstract: This invention relates to a small portable microprocessor based circuit (electronic module) that contains information about the user of the circuit that is known or inherently known by the user. The circuit is small enough to fit inside a thickened U.S. nickel and enables a user to perform secure transactions such as money transfers, information transfers, access control, etc. The electronic module is designed to be extremely secure both physically and electronically. Furthermore, the electronic module is useless to a person other than the designated user.