Abstract: Methods and related devices for impinging light on tissue, for example within a body of a patient, to induce various biological effects are disclosed. Biological effects may include at least one of inactivating and/or inhibiting growth of one or more pathogens, upregulating a local immune response, stimulating enzymatic generation of nitric oxide to increase endogenous stores of nitric oxide, releasing nitric oxide from endogenous stores of nitric oxide, and inducing an anti-inflammatory effect. Wavelengths of light are selected based on intended biological effects for one or more of targeted tissue types and targeted pathogens. Light treatments may provide multiple pathogenic biological effects, either with light of a single wavelength or with light having multiple wavelengths. Devices and methods for light treatments are disclosed that provide light doses for inducing biological effects on various targeted pathogens and targeted tissues with increased efficacy and reduced cytotoxicity.

Abstract: A packaged filtration mask can include a filtration mask packaged in a container in a vacuum or a partial vacuum. The container can be a tearable container, at least a portion of which can include a laminate of a first part and a second part. A resistance to tearing of the second part can be different than a resistance to tearing of the first part.

Abstract: A packaged filtration mask comprising a filtration mask packaged in a container in a vacuum or a partial vacuum, wherein the packaged filtration mask comprises an indicator configured to indicate the presence of a vacuum or a partial vacuum in the container, or configured to indicate the lack of a vacuum or a partial vacuum in the container.

Abstract: A packaged filtration mask comprising a filtration mask packaged in a container in a vacuum or a partial vacuum, wherein the packaged filtration mask comprises an indicator configured to indicate the presence of a vacuum or a partial vacuum in the container, or configured to indicate the lack of a vacuum or a partial vacuum in the container.

Abstract: A circuit arrangement for measuring a time interval by evaluating the number of complete cycles, and/or the fraction of a cycle, of a ring oscillator that occur(s) during the time interval to be measured, in which there are provided means to avoid a count ambiguity if the time interval ends at or about the completion of a cycle of the ring oscillator.