Abstract: An integrated circuit structure includes a sub-fin having at least a first portion that is doped with a first type of dopant, and a second portion that is doped with a second type of dopant. A PN junction is between the first and second portions of the sub-fin. The first type of dopant is one of a p-type or an n-type dopant, and the second type of dopant is the other of the p-type or the n-type dopant. A first contact and a second contact comprise conductive material. In an example, the first contact and the second contact are respectively in contact with the first portion and the second portion of the sub-fin. A diode is formed based on the PN junction between the first and second portions, where the first contact is an anode contact of the diode, and the second contact is a cathode contact of the diode.

Abstract: Gate-all-around structures having devices with source/drain-to-substrate electrical contact are described. An integrated circuit structure includes a first vertical arrangement of horizontal nanowires above a first fin. A first gate stack is over the first vertical arrangement of horizontal nanowires. A first pair of epitaxial source or drain structures is at first and second ends of the first vertical arrangement of horizontal nanowires. One or both of the first pair of epitaxial source or drain structures is directly electrically coupled to the first fin. A second vertical arrangement of horizontal nanowires is above a second fin. A second gate stack is over the second vertical arrangement of horizontal nanowires. A second pair of epitaxial source or drain structures is at first and second ends of the second vertical arrangement of horizontal nanowires. Both of the second pair of epitaxial source or drain structures is electrically isolated from the second fin.

Abstract: In a method of facilitating flight operations, a payload is coupled to a spacecraft via a payload interface. The relative alignment of the payload and the spacecraft is dynamically adjusted (e.g., for thrust alignment) while the payload remains coupled to the spacecraft.

Abstract: An integrated circuit structure includes a sub-fin, a source region in contact with a first portion of the sub-fin, and a drain region in contact with a second portion of the sub-fin. A body including semiconductor material is above the sub-fin, where the body extends laterally between the source region and the drain region. A gate structure is on the body and includes (i) a gate electrode, and (ii) a gate dielectric between the gate electrode and the body. In an example, a first distance between the drain region and the gate electrode is at least two times a second distance between the source region and the gate electrode, where the first and second distances are measured in a same horizontal plane that runs in a direction parallel to the body. In an example, the body is a nanoribbon, a nanosheet, a nanowire, or a fin.

Abstract: An integrated circuit structure includes a sub-fin having (i) a first portion including a p-type dopant and (ii) a second portion including an n-type dopant. A first body of semiconductor material is above the first portion of the sub-fin, and a second body of semiconductor material is above the second portion of the sub-fin. In an example, the first portion of the sub-fin and the second portion of the sub-fin are in contact with each other, to form a PN junction of a diode. For example, the first portion of the sub-fin is part of an anode of the diode, and wherein the second portion of the sub-fin is part of a cathode of the diode.

Abstract: An integrated circuit structure includes a sub-fin having a first type of dopant, a first diffusion region having the first type of dopant and in contact with the sub-fin, and a second diffusion region and a third diffusion region having a second type of dopant and in contact with the sub-fin. The first type of dopant is one of p-type or n-type dopant, and where the second type of dopant is the other of the p-type or n-type dopant. A first body of semiconductor material extends from the second diffusion region to the third diffusion region, and a second body of semiconductor material extends from the first diffusion region towards the second diffusion region. The first diffusion region is a tap diffusion region contacting the sub-fin. In an example, the first diffusion region facilitates formation of a diode for electrostatic discharge (ESD) protection of the integrated circuit structure.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for generating a bill image in a computer implemented billing system for a telecommunications network which includes providing a plurality of discounts for a customer retroactively applied to calls made during a billing period in which the discounts apply. The method includes loading qualification criteria for the plurality of discounts and customer account details into the billing system, generating a data structure defining a time line over at least part of which the discounts are operative, the time line being divided in dependence on the qualification criteria and customer account details into a number of segments each of which corresponds to a period during which a respective version of the discounts were operative, accumulating charges for the calls made during each segment, and calculating the appropriate discounts from the accumulated charges for each segment for calls which qualify for the discounts.