Abstract: A combinatorial chemistry system allows for the dual processing of different molecules coated on a library of beads. The system includes beads coated with different molecules on each bead, a bead holder, screening equipment and characterization equipment. Molecules on the beads are both screened and characterized simultaneously.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of identifying a molecule of a molecule-substrate complex, wherein the molecule is covalently attached directly to a substrate or indirectly by means of a linking moiety, comprising: (a) bombarding the molecule-substrate complex with energized particles to cleave the molecule from the molecule-substrate complex; and (b) determining the molecular weight of the cleaved molecule by means of mass spectrometry. The inventive method may further comprise irradiating the cleaved molecule with photons.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of identifying a molecule of a molecule-substrate complex, wherein the molecule is covalently attached directly to a substrate or indirectly by means of a linking moiety, comprising: (a) bombarding the molecule-substrate complex with energized particles to cleave the molecule from the molecule-substrate complex; and (b) determining the molecular weight of the cleaved molecule by means of mass spectrometry. The inventive method may further comprise irradiating the cleaved molecule with photons.

Abstract: A method to determine the molecular weights of femtomole or smaller quantities of small molecules, such as peptides, oligonucleotides, or heterocyclics, covalently attached to polystyrene beads on a grid, is presented using imaging time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS). The determination is made possible by selectively clipping the bond linking the small molecule to the bead, followed directly by a TOF-SIMS assay of the bead on the grid. The method can be applied to large numbers of polystyrene beads having different small molecules attached thereto for direct characterization of massive combinatorial libraries.

Abstract: An ion-beam based system enables quantitative analysis and visualization of a sample with atomic and molecular specificity. The system comprises a liquid metal ion source that directs a tightly focused beam of ions at the sample, the beam having an ion density that is insufficient to materially change the surface properties of the sample. A controller connected to the liquid metal ion source gates on the ion beam for a period of time that is sufficient to enable the ion source to achieve a tight focus of the beam at the sample and for further scanning the ion beam across the sample. A laser beam is positioned over the sample and has a wavelength that resonantly ionizes components of the sample that are liberated by action of the scanned ion beam. A detector measures the liberated ionized components and is connected to a display system that provides an image of the distribution of the species on surface of the sample.

Abstract: A device to convert solar energy into electricity, making use of the reversible photogalvanic principle. This principle is based on the spontaneous light and dark reactions between two electrochemical half cells constructed from a reversible electrochemical reaction. The device uses photosensitizers that operate in a broad band infrared spectral region.The specific photosensitizer used is chlorophyll a coated on a platinum electrode suspended in an ionic salt solution on one side of the cell and a platinum electrode is also suspended on the other side of the half cell in a hydroquinone solution, and the electrodes are electrically connected, these solutions are interconnected by a salt bridge which permits the flow of cation charge reversibly between said first and second half cells upon on-off light irradiation of the chlorophyll coated electrode.