Abstract: The invention provides a process and an apparatus for effecting that process in which waste water to be cleaned is finely divided into a current of entrainment gas and evaporated. The water vapor formed is superheated, so that the impurities occur as a solid residue and can be collected. The heat of the purified and compressed mixture of entrainment gas and water vapor is used to superheat the water vapor in the current of entrainment gas.An optimal separation between water and the substances contaminating it which cannot be evaporated is accomplished with a low expenditure of energy by introducing the water into a current of inert entrainment gas and by heating the mixture of entrainment gas and water vapor thereby formed, before the separation of the solid particles, in the heat exchange with the purified and compressed mixture of entrainment gas and water vapor by cooling it to below the saturation or dew point temperature.

Abstract: The invention relates to an apparatus for the separation of hydrogen and/or euterium and tritium from an inert gas flow which is contaminated with hydrogen and/or deuterium and/or tritium, wherein the inert gas which is to be purified is conducted along the primary side of an exchange wall for hydrogen isotopes.The secondary side of the exchange wall has applied thereto an agent which so chemically reacts with the permeating hydrogen isotopes that the hydrogen isotope or the hydrogen isotopes which are to separated out of the inert gas flow which is to be purified, are bound in a reaction product which is transportable in a gas flow which is not capable of permeating through the exchange wall, and wherein along the secondary side of the exchange wall there is conducted a carrier gas flow which conveys off the reaction product.

Abstract: A process for the incremental enrichment of deuterium and/or tritium in a material which is suitable for the isotope exchange of deuterium and tritium with hydrogen, and an arrangement for the implementation of the process. The process and arrangement for the enrichment of deuterium and/or tritium in water which, in addition to a high transport speed for the molecules which participate in the isotope exchange, evidences a high enrichment factor for each enrichment stage and a high yield, so that at a relatively small number of stages and low energy consumption there is attainable an overall high degree of enrichment. For each enrichment stage, water containing deuterium and/or tritium is introduced into a carrier gas flow, reduced and set to a hydrogen (H.sub.2) partial pressure of maximally 100 mbar.

Abstract: The invention relates to apparatus for the separation of hydrogen and/or terium and tritium from an inert gas flow which is contaminated with hydrogen and/or deuterium and/or tritium, wherein the inert gas which is to be purified is conducted along the primary side of an exchange wall for hydrogen isotopes. The secondary side of the exchange wall has applied thereto an agent which so chemically reacts with the permeating hydrogen isotopes that the hydrogen isotope or the hydrogen isotopes which are to be separated out of the inert gas flow which is to be purified, are bound in a reaction product which is transportable in a gas flow which is not capable of permeating through the exchange wall, and wherein along the secondary side of the exchange wall there is conducted a carrier gas flow which conveys off the reaction product.

Abstract: The invention provides a process and an apparatus for effecting that process in which waste water to be cleaned is finely divided into a current of entrainment gas and evaporated. The water vapor formed is superheated, so that the impurities occur as a solid residue and can be collected. The heat of the purified and compressed mixture of entrainment gas and water vapor is used to superheat the water vapor in the current of entrainment gas.An optimal separation between water and the substances contaminating it which cannot be evaporated is accomplished with a low expenditure of energy by introducing the water into a current of inert entrainment gas and by heating the mixture of entrainment gas and water vapor thereby formed, before the separation of the solid particles, in the heat exchange with the purified and compressed mixture of entrainment gas and water vapor by cooling it to below the saturation or dew point temperature.

Abstract: A process for the incremental enrichment of deuterium and/or tritium in a material which is suitable for the isotope exchange of deuterium and tritium with hydrogen, and an arrangement for the implementation of the process. The process and arrangement for the enrichment of deuterium and/or tritium in water which, in addition to a high transport speed for the molecules which participate in the isotope exchange, evidences a high enrichment factor for each enrichment stage and a high yield, so that at a relatively small number of stages and low energy consumption there is attainable an overall high degree of enrichment. For each enrichment stage, water containing deuterium and/or tritium is introduced into a carrier gas flow, reduced and set to a hydrogen (H.sub.2) partial pressure of maximally 100 mbar.

Abstract: Tubular or rod shaped pieces of a filter material having a holding-back capability with respect to the contaminant are arranged in the interior of a containing cylinder through which the gas flows, so as to provide passages for gas flow along the surface of the filter material pieces, the latter being typically disposed with their long dimension parallel to the direction of gas flow. For a prescribed pressure loss through the filter, a maximum value should be obtained for a quantity that is equal to the filter length in the direction of gas flow times the second Stanton number divided by the hydraulic diameter, the latter term being equal to four times the volume of the space in the cylinder not occupied by the filter material divided by the surface of the filter material in contact with the gas. The second Stanton number is the quotient of the material transfer coefficient and the flow velocity of the gas.

Abstract: Tubular or rod-shaped pieces of a metal having a holding-back capability, with respect to the principal atomic or molecular contaminant in a gas, are arranged in the interior of a containing cylinder through which the gas flows, so as to provide passages for gas flow along the surface of the filter material pieces, the latter being typically disposed with their long dimension parallel to the direction of gas flow. The particles first stick on the surface, then diffuse irreversibly into the metal. For a prescribed pressure loss through the filter, a maximum value is obtained for a quantity that is equal to the filter length in the direction of gas flow times the second Stanton number divided by the hydraulic diameter, the latter term being equal to four times the volume of the space in the cylinder not occupied by the filter material divided by the surface of the filter material in contact with the gas.