Abstract: Provided are are conformable conductors and electrode arrays and related methods of their manufacture and use. The disclosed structures can be implanted into or placed outside of the body of a subject to record biosignals and/or to deliver electrical stimulation, in addition to other, non-biological applications for electrical and/or chemical sensing and stimulation. One can form a pattern an absorbent material (e.g., with a laser cutter), which is later infused with a conductive ink that can include, e.g., MXene materials, reduced graphene oxide (rGO), graphene/graphite, gold, platinum, or other metallic nanoparticles, carbon nanotubes, conductive polymers, or other conductive ink materials. The resulting electrode arrays can be compatible with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI or fMRI) and transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) modalities, and the disclosed process can rapidly produce electrodes at high yield.

Abstract: An electrode, the electrode including an exposed contact surface, the exposed surface comprising a contact material, the contact material comprising a MXene. A device, the device including a plurality of electrodes, each of the plurality of electrodes comprising an exposed contact surface, the exposed surface comprising a contact material, the contact material comprising a MXene. A method, the method including delivering electrical stimulation to a subject with an electrode that comprises an exposed contact surface, the exposed contact surface comprising a contact material that includes a MXene.

Abstract: Provided are electrodes that comprise MXene materials as well as related methods of using the disclosure electrodes in neural and other monitoring applications.