Abstract: In a method of sterilizing micro-organisms, the micro-organisms are subjected to UV radiation, in a wavelength band which kills micro-organisms, while in an atmosphere of inert gas or of ozone.

Abstract: A valve device for use in filling cartons includes a tubular housing containing a valve member comprising a closure part co-operating with a valve seat at the lower extremity of the housing, and a driving part movably received with clearance in the housing. During the latter part of the opening movement of the valve member against a spring, the clearance increases smoothly and considerably, and the driving part reaches a force equilibrium position at which the clearance is considerable. Two grooves formed in the housing and the valve member immediately below the annulus of sealing bound an annular enclosed space for receiving liquid squeezed out downwardly at the valve seat.