Abstract: Refiner segments for use in disk refiners for the disintegration of lignocellulose-containing material are disclosed, in which the refiner segment is formed with a pattern of bars and grooves and includes dams placed in the grooves. The dams are arranged so that their angle in relation to the radius of the refiner segment is less than about 30.degree., preferably less than about 15.degree..

Abstract: Method and appparatus for making pulp of grinding goods, such as fibre material, in the grinding zone of a grinding apparatus by pressing it against a grinding surface provided with a pattern extending in the direction of movement of the grinding goods over the grinding surface for desintegration of the grinding goods. Steam generated during the grinding work causes a pressure rise along the grinding surface. The region for the maximum pressure in the grinding zone is established with the aid of measurements of the pressure course in the grinding zone and the pattern is formed in a predetermined region around this pressure center so that braking of the grinding goods will be obtained.

Abstract: A system for measuring and regulating the grinding space between two metallic grinding discs and to prevent direct contact therebetween; one of the discs being rotated while the other one remains stationary to grind therebetween fibrous cellulosic material, such as moisture-containing wood chips, for pulp making. One of the discs is electrically insulated from the other parts of the system and is included in an electric circuit with the positive and negative terminals connected to the disc at points electrically insulated from one another and the moisture in the wood chips collected in the grinding space is used to produce a conductive cell, such as an electrolytic variable resistance, which bridges the two terminals and closes the circuit. The resistance of the cell which varies in response to fluctuations in the grinding space is measured by an ammeter or similar measuring device which thus gives a reading of the width of the grinding space.