Abstract: An appropriate rock physics model is chosen from well-log data and/or experience. The rock physics model is then used to generate a plurality of attribute values, including compression and shear velocities, at different porosities and gas hydrate saturations. Gas hydrates are classified into different ranges of porosity and hydrate saturation based on the population of multiple attributes, and probability density functions for each individual gas hydrate class are created. Probability density distribution functions for individual attributes and a joint conditional probability density functions are created using a Bayesian function. The conditional probability of the occurrences of gas hydrate classes given a set of values of the chosen attributes derived from seismic inversion and or well measurements is inverted. Finally, a maximum a-posteriori (MAP) rule is employed to obtain the optimal porosity and hydrate saturation estimation.

Abstract: An appropriate rock physics model is chosen from well-log data and/or experience. The rock physics model is then used to generate a plurality of attribute values, including compression and shear velocities, at different porosities and gas hydrate saturations. Gas hydrates are classified into different ranges of porosity and hydrate saturation based on the population of multiple attributes, and probability density functions for each individual gas hydrate class are created. Probability density distribution functions for individual attributes and a joint conditional probability density functions are created using a Bayesian function. The conditional probability of the occurrences of gas hydrate classes given a set of values of the chosen attributes derived from seismic inversion and or well measurements is inverted. Finally, a maximum a-posteriori (MAP) rule is employed to obtain the optimal porosity and hydrate saturation estimation.

Abstract: A magnetic disc for a cleaning device which is passed through a pipeline having a cylindrical internal wall. The magnetic disc includes a flexible circular disc body perpendicular to the cylindrical wall, the disc body having a plurality of radially spaced openings therethrough. A magnet is installed in each opening in the disc body, each magnet having poles oriented axially with the cylindrical wall. A pair of opposed retainer plates for each magnet are fastened to the disc body to retain the magnet in the disc body and to extend the magnetic field of action.