Abstract: A method is provided for controlling an apparatus for performing control to, move, in a case where a detected defocus amount is within a range of a second in-focus management width, a focusing lens and then terminate a focusing adjustment operation without performing focus detection processing again, and move, in a case where the defocus amount is out of the range of the second in-focus management width, the focusing lens to perform the focus detection processing again. In a case where a subject to be subjected to the focus detection processing is a saturated subject, at least one of the range of the second in-focus management width and the focus detection operation is changed.

Abstract: A method is provided for controlling an apparatus, the method comprising, detecting, as focus detection, a defocus amount based on a signal for a focus detection processing, controlling a focusing lens movement based on the defocus amount, and determining, as saturation determination, whether a subject to be subjected to the focus detection processing is a saturated subject. In a case where a state where a variation in the detected defocus amount of an image of the subject to be subjected to the focus detection processing or a variation in a moving amount of an imaging plane is smaller than a predetermined value continuously occurs the predetermined number of times or continues for a predetermined time duration, the subject to be subjected to the focus detection processing is determined to be a saturated subject in the saturation determination.

Abstract: A method is provided for controlling an apparatus, the method comprising, detecting, as focus detection, a defocus amount based on a signal for a focus detection processing, controlling a focusing lens movement based on the defocus amount, and determining, as saturation determination, whether a subject to be subjected to the focus detection processing is a saturated subject. In a case where a state where a variation in the detected defocus amount of an image of the subject to be subjected to the focus detection processing or a variation in a moving amount of an imaging plane is smaller than a predetermined value continuously occurs the predetermined number of times or continues for a predetermined time duration, the subject to be subjected to the focus detection processing is determined to be a saturated subject in the saturation determination.

Abstract: A method is provided for controlling an apparatus for performing control to, move, in a case where a detected defocus amount is within a range of a second in-focus management width, a focusing lens and then terminate a focusing adjustment operation without performing focus detection processing again, and move, in a case where the defocus amount is out of the range of the second in-focus management width, the focusing lens to perform the focus detection processing again. In a case where a subject to be subjected to the focus detection processing is a saturated subject, at least one of the range of the second in-focus management width and the focus detection operation is changed.

Abstract: An optical scanning apparatus includes a deflector configured to deflect a light beam from a light source and scan a surface to be scanned in a main-scanning direction and a single imaging optical element configured to guide the light beam deflected by the deflector to the surface to be scanned. Scanning speeds of the light beam on the surface to be scanned at an on-axis image height and at an off-axis image height are different from each other, and conditions 0.0<(R1±h/2+R2±h/2)/(R1±h/2?R2±h/2)<1.7 and 0.8<h/TC<2.0 are satisfied.

Abstract: An optical scanning apparatus includes a deflector configured to deflect a light beam from a light source to cause the light beam to scan a surface to be scanned in a main scanning direction, an incident optical system that includes a single incident optical element and is configured to guide the light beam from the light source to the deflector, and an image-forming optical system configured to condense the light beam having been deflected by the deflector as condensing points on the surface to be scanned. At least one of the incident optical system and the image-forming optical system includes a diffractive surface that corrects displacement amounts of the condensing points in a main scanning section and a sub scanning section when a wavelength of the light beam from the light source varies.

Abstract: An optical scanning apparatus includes a deflector configured to deflect a light beam from a light source and scan a surface to be scanned in a main-scanning direction and a single imaging optical element configured to guide the light beam deflected by the deflector to the surface to be scanned. Scanning speeds of the light beam on the surface to be scanned at an on-axis image height and at an off-axis image height are different from each other, and conditions 0.0<(R1±h/2+R2±h/2)/(R1±h/2?R2±h/2)<1.7 and 0.8<h/TC<2.0 are satisfied.

Abstract: An optical scanning apparatus includes a deflector configured to deflect a light beam from a light source to cause the light beam to scan a surface to be scanned in a main scanning direction, an incident optical system that includes a single incident optical element and is configured to guide the light beam from the light source to the deflector, and an image-forming optical system configured to condense the light beam having been deflected by the deflector as condensing points on the surface to be scanned. At least one of the incident optical system and the image-forming optical system includes a diffractive surface that corrects displacement amounts of the condensing points in a main scanning section and a sub scanning section when a wavelength of the light beam from the light source varies.

Abstract: Provided is imaging optical system, including: a first lens array including a plurality of lens rows each having a plurality of lenses arrayed in main array direction, the plurality of lens rows arranged in sub-array direction; and a second lens array including a plurality of lens rows each having a plurality of lenses arrayed in main array direction, the plurality of lens rows being arranged in sub-array direction. The imaging optical system forms an erect image of object in main array cross section, and forms an inverted image of object in sub-array cross section. At least one of first and second lens arrays includes at least one of a scattering and light-shielding portions arranged between adjacent lens rows. D/Rs?0.2 is satisfied, where D represents length of at least one of scattering and light-shielding portions in sub-array direction, and Rs represents an effective diameter of imaging optical system in sub-array direction.

Abstract: An optical scanning apparatus includes a light source, a deflector configured to deflect a light flux from this light source to scan a surface to be scanned in a main-scanning direction, an incident optical system configured to guide the light flux from the light source to a deflection surface of the deflector, and an imaging optical system configured to guide the light flux deflected by the deflector to the surface to be scanned. The optical scanning apparatus satisfies the following conditions: 0.5<|?si|<2.2, 3.0<|?so|<10.0, and 0.2<Li/Lo<0.4.

Abstract: Provided is imaging optical system, including: a first lens array including a plurality of lens rows each having a plurality of lenses arrayed in main array direction, the plurality of lens rows arranged in sub-array direction; and a second lens array including a plurality of lens rows each having a plurality of lenses arrayed in main array direction, the plurality of lens rows being arranged in sub-array direction. The imaging optical system forms an erect image of object in main array cross section, and forms an inverted image of object in sub-array cross section. At least one of first and second lens arrays includes at least one of a scattering and light-shielding portions arranged between adjacent lens rows. D/Rs?0.2 is satisfied, where D represents length of at least one of scattering and light-shielding portions in sub-array direction, and Rs represents an effective diameter of imaging optical system in sub-array direction.

Abstract: An optical scanning apparatus includes a light source, a deflector configured to deflect a light flux from this light source to scan a surface to be scanned in a main-scanning direction, an incident optical system configured to guide the light flux from the light source to a deflection surface of the deflector, and an imaging optical system configured to guide the light flux deflected by the deflector to the surface to be scanned. The optical scanning apparatus satisfies the following conditions: 0.5<|?si|<2.2, 3.0<|?so|<10.0, and 0.2<Li/Lo<0.4.

Abstract: An exposure device includes an element array that includes a plurality of organic electroluminescent elements and a lens array optical system that uses a lens array that includes a plurality of lenses, which forms images of light from the element array on a photosensitive body. In the exposure device, each electroluminescent element has a first electrode disposed on a light emitting side, a second electrode disposed on a light reflecting side, and a light emitting layer. In the exposure device, in each organic electroluminescent element, an optical path length L1 between a light emitting position of the light emitting layer and the second electrode is an optical path length within ±10% of an optical path length at which variation in light amount during light exposure is minimized.

Abstract: A display device includes an array of pixels including a plurality of organic EL elements each having a pair of electrodes and an organic compound layer including a light-emitting layer and disposed between the pair of electrodes and includes a protective layer disposed on the plurality of the organic EL elements. The protective layer has a first protective layer made of an inorganic material, a second protective layer made of a resin material and disposed on the first protective layer, and a third protective layer made of an inorganic material and disposed on the second protective layer. The second protective layer includes lenses for diverging at least part of light emitted from the light-emitting layer. The lenses have an elongated concave shape.

Abstract: In a display apparatus including an organic EL element utilizing the optical interference effect, and a lens, a diameter of the lens is set such that, of light radiated from the organic EL element into a protective layer, light radiated at a larger angle than an angle, at which a light intensity distribution of the light radiated into the protective layer with respect to a radiation angle of the light takes a local minimum value, is not output to the outside of the display apparatus.

Abstract: In a display apparatus including an organic EL element utilizing the optical interference effect, and a lens, a light absorbing layer is disposed such that, of light radiated from the organic EL element into a protective layer, light radiated at a larger angle than an angle, at which a light intensity distribution of the light radiated into the protective layer with respect to a radiation angle of the light takes a local minimum value, is not output to the outside of the display apparatus through the lens.

Abstract: A display device includes an array of pixels including a plurality of organic EL elements each having a pair of electrodes and an organic compound layer including a light-emitting layer and disposed between the pair of electrodes and includes a protective layer disposed on the plurality of the organic EL elements. The protective layer has a first protective layer made of an inorganic material, a second protective layer made of a resin material and disposed on the first protective layer, and a third protective layer made of an inorganic material and disposed on the second protective layer. The second protective layer includes lenses for diverging at least part of light emitted from the light-emitting layer. The lenses have an elongated concave shape.

Abstract: A display device includes an array of pixels including a plurality of organic EL elements each having a pair of electrodes and an organic compound layer including a light-emitting layer and disposed between the pair of electrodes and includes a protective layer disposed on the plurality of the organic EL elements. The protective layer has a first protective layer made of an inorganic material, a second protective layer made of a resin material and disposed on the first protective layer, and a third protective layer made of an inorganic material and disposed on the second protective layer. The second protective layer includes lenses for diverging at least part of light emitted from the light-emitting layer. The lenses have an elongated concave shape.

Abstract: In a display apparatus including an organic EL element utilizing the optical interference effect, and a lens, a light absorbing layer is disposed such that, of light radiated from the organic EL element into a protective layer, light radiated at a larger angle than an angle, at which a light intensity distribution of the light radiated into the protective layer with respect to a radiation angle of the light takes a local minimum value, is not output to the outside of the display apparatus through the lens.

Abstract: In a display apparatus including an organic EL element utilizing the optical interference effect, and a lens, a diameter of the lens is set such that, of light radiated from the organic EL element into a protective layer, light radiated at a larger angle than an angle, at which a light intensity distribution of the light radiated into the protective layer with respect to a radiation angle of the light takes a local minimum value, is not output to the outside of the display apparatus.