Abstract: A process for producing articles covered with a patterned film which can be formed by a short time of exposure and has high development sensitivity after exposure and excellent pattern accuracy and a photosensitive composition. The process comprises applying the photosensitive composition to a substrate, exposing the coating film to light in a pattern-form to polymerize exposed portions of the coating film, dissolving and removing unexposed portions. The composition comprises a metal alkoxide, a &bgr;-diketone and acrylic acid or methacrylic acid.

Abstract: This invention provides a method of manufacturing a diffraction grating capable of scribing by an interference light at a lower power density than usual. That is, a coating solution containing a metal alkoxide and a &bgr;-diketone is coated on a substrate, the coated film is heat treated to form a gelled film and then an interference light is irradiated to the gelled film, to manufacture a diffraction grating.

Abstract: The composite layer according to the present invention comprises a substrate and a colored layer formed on the surface of this substrate. This colored layer contains a transparent layer and a coloring agent dispersed within the transparent layer, and this transparent layer is made of an inorganic gel or glass material, while the coloring agent contains dyes or pigments. The composite layers of the present invention are suitable for use in products such as construction materials with the appearance of marble, colored glass materials for decorative purposes, or color filters.

Abstract: A double reverse revolution propeller apparatus includes front and rear propeller wherein the rear propeller is rotated at higher speeds than the front propeller. When seizure occurs, an inner shaft is disconnected from an engine at an inner shaft connection unit and is connected to an outer shaft at an inner and outer shaft connection unit to be driven in the same direction as the outer shaft. The ratio of absorption horsepower of the front propeller to the rear propeller can to be substantially equal to the ratio of rotational speed of the front propeller to that of the rear propeller. One or both of the front and rear propeller can include a variable pitch propeller. The front propeller can have more blades than the rear propeller.

Abstract: A substrate provided thereon, with a film having a large number of fine grooves of a desired pattern is herein disclosed, which comprises a body of substrate and a film of at least one polymerized-condensed or crosslinked organometal compound formed on the substrate and having a large number of fine grooves on the surface and which can be produced by applying a solution containing at least one organometal compound and optionally a thickening agent to the surface of a body of substrate to form a film thereon; then impressing the film with a mold having a large number of fine ridges thereon to form grooves corresponding to the ridges, on the film; or applying the solution to the mold to form such a film and transferring the film to the body of substrate; and then calcining the resulting film having fine grooves to solidify the same. According to the method, an excellent substrate having good durability and optical properties can be produced simply and in a good yield.