Abstract: A custom-made stem has a shape displaying good fit and fill, reflecting personal characteristics of a femur obtained by computer calculation. A model is made from the femur which does not need much time to calculate in spite of the fact that it complies with the characteristic of shape of the femur, particularly with the personal difference in the curvature thereof, which usually complicates the calculation. Several models are made which can be implanted in a deep hollow by calculating in a reverse course how the stem is pulled out of the deep hollow, to display reliable models to a surgeon. By determining the movement peculiar to the stem of a particular patient, an improved stem is made in a short time which meets the needs of the surgeon. The stem, which is custom-made, can be confirmed beforehand that it agrees with the femur of the patient.

Abstract: An artificial cement-less hip prosthesis stem comprises an inner construct 7 which reacts with a load acting on a hip joint and an outer construct 8 for transmitting the load acting on the inner construct to a femur 1. The inner construct has an inner body 7B which reacts with the load transmitted from a neck 7A. The outer construct has both an outer body 8A which is bell mouth-shaped toward an epiphysis so as to surround the inner body 7B and a leg 8B extending toward a medullary cavity. The torsional rigidity given to the proximal end and the distal end of the outer body 8A and the leg 8B is regulated so as to be lower than the torsional rigidity given to an intermediate portion 18 of the outer body 8A.

Abstract: A position measuring apparatus, for use in an assisting apparatus for surgical opertions, includes a position indicating apparatus for indicating a position and a direction of a tool, and three-dimensional position measuring apparatus for measuring a position and a direction of a surgical field and also the position and the direction of the tool. The position indicating apparatus and the three dimensional position measuring apparatus are unified in one body in the relative position thereof, so that a position for assistance of surgical operation is indicated in the form of an intersection line or an intersection point of the laser beams, irrespective of the position of the position measuring apparatus.

Abstract: To propose a custom-made stem having the shape which displays high Fit and Fill by reflecting a personal figure characteristic of the femur on the computer calculation. A model is made from the femur to take surgical treatment, which does not need much time to calculate in spite of the fact that it complies with the characteristic of shape of the femur, particularly with the personal difference in the curvature thereof, which usually complicates the calculation. The several models are made which can be implanted in a deep hollow by calculating in the reverse course that the stem is pulled out of the deep hollow, to show some reliable models of these to a surgeon. With figuring out the movement peculiar to the stem for of the patient, an improved stem is made in a short time which meets demands of the surgeon. The stem, which is custom-made, can be confirmed beforehand that it agrees with the femur of the patient.

Abstract: Tow forces can be measured only by providing one force sensor in a device structure, and a drive system is driven so as to assist an external force by detecting it. A value at a force sensor (114) at the moment when a foot switch (121) is set as the original point (detection reference) of a force to be assisted. Variations of the force after the original point setting is measured by the force sensor (114) the difference between the measured value and the assist original point is obtained, and a force to be assisted is detected. Depending on the magnitude of the force to be assisted, assist operation is performed by causing a drive force to act on a foot such that the force to be assisted is reduced. When the force is assisted reaches zero, the assist operation is completed. Then, two forces, or “a force acting on a patient's foot” and “a force applied to the foot” from the outside, are detected by the one force sensor (114).

Abstract: The purpose of the invention is to eliminate not only the shearing stress concentration occurring at a distal end of a stem but also that at a proximal end thereof so that a load acted on a hip joint can be distributed collectively on the proximal portion of the stem corresponding to transmission route in a normal state and the range of variation of the stress distribution on the proximal portion comes to be as narrow as possible on the whole. An artificial cement-less hip prosthesis stem which comprises an inner construct 7 reacted with the load acted on the hip joint and an outer construct 8 transmitting the load acted on the inner construct to a femur 1. The former construct has an inner body 7B reacted with the load transmitted from a neck 7A. The latter construct has both an outer body 8A which is bell mouth-shaped toward epiphysis so as to surround the inner body 7B and a leg 8B extending toward medullary cavity.

Abstract: Tow forces can be measured only by providing one force sensor in a device structure, and a drive system is driven so as to assist an external force by detecting it. A value at a force sensor (114) at the moment when a foot switch (121) is set as the original point (detection reference) of a force to be assisted. Variations of the force after the original point setting is measured by the force sensor (114) the difference between the measured value and the assist original point is obtained, and a force to be assisted is detected. Depending on the magnitude of the force to be assisted, assist operation is performed by causing a drive force to act on a foot such that the force to be assisted is reduced. When the force is assisted reaches zero, the assist operation is completed. Then, two forces, or “a force acting on a patient's foot” and “a force applied to the foot” from the outside, are detected by the one force sensor (114).

Abstract: A position measuring apparatus, for use in an assisting apparatus for surgical opertions, comprises a position indicating means for indicating a position and a direction of a tool, and a three-dimensional position measuring means for measuring a position and a direction of a surgical field and also the position and the direction of the tool. The position indicating means and the three-dimensional position measuring means are unified in one body in the relative position thereof, so that a position for assistance of surgical operation is indicated in the form of an intersection line or an intersection point of the laser beams, irrespective of the position of the position measuring apparatus.

Abstract: Anticancer drugs consisting of sugar and protein composed primarily of xylose which are obtained from the nutrient medium and tissue-medium of Basidiomycetes such as Lentinus edodes which has been cultured in a solid medium rich is xylose such as bagasse is described.