Abstract: A subject of the present invention is to achieve accurate measurement of an ultraviolet dose of a test region of a subject (patient) by a single measuring cycle, to provide a measuring tool not including any members requiring manual operations, to prevent an examiner from exposure to ultraviolet radiation and to improve safety. An optimum ultraviolet dose determining tool, for ultraviolet radiotherapy, is used to determine an optimum ultraviolet dose in advance. The optimum ultraviolet dose determining tool can be placed on the skin of a patient and is provided with an attenuation filter (1A, 1B or 1C) having a plurality of optical areas respectively having different, known ultraviolet-ray transmittances or reflectances.

Abstract: An apparatus for measuring viscosities of liquids has a narrow tube for a test liquid to be flowed. A differential pressure is generated between upstream and downstream of the test liquid. A differential pressure is measured at each divided time period for a total pass-by period which is a time for the test liquid to pass from a first to a second positions in the narrow tube. An integrated quantity obtained by determining a product of each divided time period and the differential pressure over the total pass-by period. Viscosity of the test liquid is obtained by comparing the integrated quantity with a corresponding integrated quantity previously determined in a reference sample liquid of known viscosity.