Abstract: An algicidal composition which is effective against red tide comprises, a higher fatty acid or its salt as an active ingredient, such as 6, 9, 12, 15-octadecatetraenic acid.

Abstract: Substituted acetate compounds represented by the formula ##STR1## which are useful as pesticides and pesticidal composition containing the substituted acetate compounds as active ingredients, as well as processes for preparing the compounds and the compositions are disclosed.

Abstract: A process signal collecting apparatus comprises light transmitters (24, 25) for transmitting light pulses of the first and second wavelengths. These light pulses are transmitted through an optical fiber path (19) and light branches (401 to 416) to on/off optical switches (701 to 716). Each of the on/off optical switches is structured such that the light pulses of the first and second wavelengths are reflected therefrom when the same is in an on state while only the light pulse of the second wavelength is reflected when the same is in an off state. The reflected light pulses are detected by first and second light receivers (26, 27). A timing pulse is generated responsive to the reflected light pulse of the second wavelength. The presence or absence of the reflected light pulse of the first wavelength is discriminated as a function of the timing pulse, whereby an on state or an off state of each of the on/off optical switches is determined.

Abstract: An insecticidal composition comprising, as an active ingredient, an optically active .alpha.-cyano-3-phenoxybenzyl 2-(4-chlorophenyl)isovalerate and an inert carrier having a strong insecticidal activity without any appreciable toxicity to plants as well as to mammals.

Abstract: A compound of the formula, ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 are respectively hydrogen atom or methyl, R.sub.5 is a member of ##STR2## wherein R.sub.6 is hydrogen atom or methyl, R.sub.7 is alkenyl, alkadienyl, alkynyl or benzyl, R.sub.8 is hydrogen atom, ethynyl or cyano, R.sub.9 is hydrogen atom, a halogen atom or alkyl, R.sub.10 is a halogen atom, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, benzyl, thenyl, furylmethyl, phenoxy, substituted phenoxy of phenylthio, or R.sub.9 and R.sub.10 are bonded at the ends to form polymethylene chain containing or not containing oxygen or sulfur atom, Y is oxygen atom, sulfur atom or --CH.dbd.CH--, n is 1 or 2, Z is phthalimido, thiophthalimido, di- or tetra-hydrophthalimido or dialkylmaleimido, R.sub.11 is phenyl, thienyl or furyl and X is a halogen atom, which is useful as an active ingredient of insecticides.

Abstract: A process for isomerizing optically active .alpha.-cyano-3-phenoxybenzyl 2-(4-chlorophenyl)isovalerate at the asymmetric carbon atom of the 3-phenoxybenzyl moiety, and a process for obtaining (S)-.alpha.-cyano-3-phenoxybenzyl (S)-2-(4-chlorophenyl)isovalerate from (R, S)-.alpha.-cyano-3-phenoxybenzyl (S)-2-(4-chlorophenyl)isovalerate.

Abstract: A novel substituted-arylacetic acid ester of the formula, ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are each hydrogen or a halogen atom, a C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl, C.sub.2 -C.sub.4 alkenyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkoxy, cyano, nitro, methylthio, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkanoyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkanoyloxy, or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkoxycarbonyl group, or R.sub.1 and R.sub.2, taken together, may form methylenedioxy, a C.sub.3 -C.sub.5 alkylene or butadienylene (--CH.dbd.CH--CH.dbd.CH--) ring; R.sub.3 is a C.sub.2 -C.sub.4 alkyl, C.sub.2 -C.sub.4 alkenyl, propargyl, C.sub.3 -C.sub.6 cycloalkyl or cyclopropylmethyl group; R.sub.4 is hydrogen or a halogen atom, methyl or ethyl group; R.sub.5 is allyl, propargyl, 3-butenyl, 3-butynyl, phenyl or benzyl group; and A is oxygen or sulfur atom or --CH.dbd.CH-- group, which possesses various useful insecticidal and acaricidal activities and can be prepared by reacting a substituted-arylacetic acid of the formula: ##STR2## wherein R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.

Abstract: Substituted acetate compounds represented by the formula ##STR1## which are useful as pesticides and pesticidal composition containing the substituted acetate compounds as active ingredients, as well as processes for preparing the compounds and the compositions are disclosed.

Abstract: m-(p-Bromophenoxy)-.alpha.-cyanobenzyl trans- or trans-rich-2,2-dimethyl-3-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)cyclopropanecarboxylate of the formula (I), ##STR1## and their preparation and use as a low fish toxic insecticide and/or acaricide.

Abstract: Novel alkynylcyclopropanecarboxylic acid esters represented by the formula, ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 represents hydrogen, halogen, lower alkyl having up to 5 carbon atoms, lower alkenyl having up to 5 carbon atoms, lower alkynyl having up to 5 carbon atoms, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkoxy C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkylthio C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl, aryl, aryl C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl, furyl, substituted furyl, thienyl, substituted thienyl, furfuryl, substituted furfuryl, thenyl, substituted thenyl, cyclo C.sub.3 -C.sub.6 alkyl, substituted cyclo C.sub.3 -C.sub.6 alkyl, cyclo C.sub.3 -C.sub.6 alkenyl or substituted cyclo C.sub.3 -C.sub.6 alkenyl; R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 individually represent hydrogen, halogen, lower alkyl having up to 5 carbon atoms, lower alkenyl having up to 5 carbon atoms, lower alkynyl having up to 5 carbon atoms, aryl, aryl C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl or may form a carbon-carbon bond; or R.sub.1 and R.sub.

Abstract: A method for racemization of optically active 2-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-methylbutyric acid which comprises the steps of (a) reacting optically active 2-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-methylbutyric acid with a hydroxide or carbonate of an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal at a temperature of more than 110.degree. C. to produce a racemate of the alkali metal or alkaline earth metal salt of the above acid, and (b) converting the resulting racemate of the salt to the acid.

Abstract: A compound of the formula, ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 are respectively hydrogen atom or methyl, R.sub.5 is a member of ##STR2## wherein R.sub.6 is hydrogen atom or methyl, R.sub.7 is alkenyl, alkadienyl, alkynyl or benzyl, R.sub.8 is hydrogen atom, ethynyl or cyano, R.sub.9 is hydrogen atom, a halogen atom or alkyl, R.sub.10 is a halogen atom, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, benzyl, thenyl, furylmethyl, phenoxy, substituted phenoxy or phenylthio, or R.sub.9 and R.sub.10 are bonded at the ends to form polymethylene chain containing or not containing oxygen or sulfur atom, Y is oxygen atom, sulfur atom or --CH.dbd.CH--, n is 1 or 2, Z is phthalimido, thiophthalimido, di- or tetra-hydrophthalimido or dialkylmaleimido, R.sub.11 is phenyl, thienyl or furyl and X is a halogen atom, which is useful as an active ingredient of insecticides.

Abstract: A purification process for 3-phenoxybenzaldehyde, which comprises reacting crude 3-phenoxybenzaldehyde with an alkali metal or ammonium bisulfite, or metabisulfite in the presence of an organic quaternary ammonium salt, an inorganic acid salt of organic tertiary amines, or a macrocyclic polyether used as a catalyst, isolating the resulting 3-phenoxybenzaldehyde alkali metal or ammonium bisulfite adduct, and decomposing it by using an acid or a base, or by heating.

Abstract: Novel alkynyl esters of cyclopropanecarboxylic acid represented by the formula, ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 represents hydrogen, lower alkyl having 1-4 carbon atoms, lower alkenyl having 2-4 carbon atoms, lower alkynyl having 2-4 carbon atoms, C.sub.1 -C.sub.2 alkoxy-C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.2 alkylthio-C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl, furyl, thienyl, furfuryl, thenyl, cyclo-C.sub.3 -C.sub.6 alkyl, oxygen atom-containing cyclo-C.sub.3 -C.sub.6 alkyl, cyclo-C.sub.5 -C.sub.6 alkenyl, oxygen atom-containing cyclo-C.sub.4 -C.sub.6 alkenyl, halo-C.sub.2 -C.sub.4 alkenyl, phenyloxymethyl, phenylthiomethyl, cyclo-C.sub.5 -C.sub.6 alkenylmethyl, oxygen atom-containing cyclo-C.sub.4 -C.sub.6 alkenylmethyl, cyclo-C.sub.5 -C.sub.6 alkylmethyl, oxygen atom-containing cyclo-C.sub.4 -C.sub.6 alkylmethyl or ##STR2## IN WHICH X is halogen, nitro, cyano, methylenedioxy, C.sub.1 -C.sub.3 alkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.2 alkoxy, dimethylamino, m is 0, 1, 2 or 3, n is 0, 1, 2 or 3 and each X may be different when n is 2 or 3; R.sub.

Abstract: A novel substituted-arylacetic acid ester of the formula, ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are each hydrogen or a halogen atom, a C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl, C.sub.2 -C.sub.4 alkenyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkoxy, cyano, nitro, methylthio, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkanoyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkanoyloxy, or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkoxycarbonyl group, or R.sub.1 and R.sub.2, taken together, may form methylenedioxy, a C.sub.3 -C.sub.5 alkylene or butadienylene (--CH.dbd.CH--CH.dbd.CH--) ring; R.sub.3 is a C.sub.2 -C.sub.4 alkyl, C.sub.2 -C.sub.4 alkenyl, propargyl, C.sub.3 -C.sub.6 cycloalkyl or cyclopropylmethyl group; R.sub.4 is hydrogen or a halogen atom, methyl or ethyl group; R.sub.5 is allyl, propargyl, 3-butenyl, 3-butynyl, phenyl or benzyl group; and A is oxygen or sulfur atom or --CH.dbd.CH-- group, which possesses various useful insecticidal and acaricidal activities and can be prepared by reacting a substituted-arylacetic acid of the formula; ##STR2## wherein R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.

Abstract: Substituted acetate compounds represented by the formula ##STR1## which are useful as pesticides and pesticidal composition containing the substituted acetate compounds as active ingredients, as well as processes for preparing the compounds and the compositions are disclosed.

Abstract: Substituted acetate compounds represented by the formula ##STR1## which are useful as pesticides and pesticidal compositions containing the substituted acetate compounds as active ingredients, as well as processes for preparing the compounds and the compositions are disclosed.

Abstract: Substituted acetate compounds represented by the formula ##STR1## which are useful as pesticides and pesticidal composition containing the substituted acetate compounds as active ingredients, as well as processes for preparing the compounds and the compositions are disclosed.

Abstract: Substituted acetate compounds represented by the formula ##STR1## which are useful as pesticides and pesticidal composition containing the substituted acetate compounds as active ingredients, as well as processes for preparing the compounds and the compositions are disclosed.

Abstract: A process for preparing m-phenoxybenzyl, m-phenoxybenzal halides or a mixture thereof comprising halogenating m-phenoxytoluene in the presence of a phosphorus halide in the high temperature region above 220.degree. C, and a process for preparing m-phenoxybenzylalcohol comprising halogenating m-phenoxytoluene as above, reacting the resulting side-chain halogenated m-phenoxytoluene with an alkali metal salt of acetic acid and then (a) reducing and hydrolyzing the resulting m-phenoxybenzylacetate and m-phenoxybenzaldehyde, or (b) reducing the resulting m-phenoxybenzylacetate and m-phenoxybenzaldehyde, reacting the resulting product with acetic anhydride and an alkali metal salt of acetic acid and hydrolyzing the resulting m-phenoxybenzylacetate are disclosed.