Abstract: Disclosed herein is a photoconductor containing an electroconductive substrate and a photosensitive layer, wherein, in a curve obtained by the steps (I) through (V) described herein, a surface of the photosensitive layer has a WRa (LML) of from 0.02 ?m to 0.03 ?m, a WRa (LHL) of from 0.006 ?m to 0.01 ?m, and a WRa (HLH) of 0.001 ?m or less, where the arithmetical mean roughness (WRa) are defined as Ra in JIS-B0601:2001 and WRa (HHH) to WRa (LLL) represent individual Ra's as described herein.

Abstract: A photoconductor includes an electroconductive substrate; an intermediate layer overlying the electroconductive substrate; and a photosensitive layer overlying the intermediate layer. The intermediate layer includes a metal oxide particle and a binder resin, and satisfies the following relations (1) and (2): Smr=Scut/Sk??(1) 0.4?Smr?0.6??(2) where Smr represents an areal ratio of concave parts; Sk represents a reference area; and a Scut represents a cross-sectional area obtained by cutting a three-dimensional curved surface obtained from the reference area with an average height surface, the average height surface being a surface constituted of averaged height of all measured height data.

Abstract: A photoconductor, including an electroconductive substrate; an intermediate layer overlying the electroconductive substrate; and a photosensitive layer overlying the intermediate layer. The intermediate layer includes a metal oxide and a binder resin, and has a WRa (LLH) less than 0.12 ?m and WRa (LHH) of from 0.03 to 0.2 ?m in a curve.

Abstract: A photoconductor includes an electroconductive substrate; an intermediate layer overlying the electroconductive substrate; and a photosensitive layer overlying the intermediate layer. The intermediate layer includes a metal oxide particle and a binder resin, and satisfies the following relations (1) and (2): Smr=Scut/Sk??(1) 0.4?Smr?0.6??(2) wherein Smr represents an areal ratio of projecting parts; Sk represents a reference area; and a Scut represents a cross-sectional area obtained by cutting a three-dimensional curved surface obtained from the reference area with an average height surface, the average height surface being a surface constituted of averaged height of all measured height data.

Abstract: A photoconductor includes an electroconductive substrate; and a photosensitive layer provided overlying the electroconductive substrate, wherein, in a curve obtained by: (I) measuring a convexoconcave form, (II) conducting multi-resolution analysis (MRA-1), (III). making a single dimensional data arrangement, (IV) conducting further wavelet conversion, (V) connecting logarithms, a surface of the photosensitive layer has a WRa (LML) of from 0.02 ?m to 0.03 ?m, a WRa (LHL) of from 0.006 ?m to 0.01 ?m, and a WRa (HLH) of 0.

Abstract: A photoconductor, including an electroconductive substrate; an intermediate layer overlying the electroconductive substrate; and a photosensitive layer overlying the intermediate layer. The intermediate layer includes a metal oxide and a binder resin, and has a WRa (LLH) less than 0.12 ?m and WRa (LHH) of from 0.03 to 0.2 ?m in a curve.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes an image bearing member having a photosensitive layer and a sub-surface layer having a charge transportability, overlying the photosensitive layer wherein the sub-surface layer is formed of a cured material formed of a radical polymerizable monomer having three or more functional groups with no charge transport structure and a radical polymerizable compound having a charge transport structure, wherein the arithmetical mean roughness WRa of about each of frequency components of HMH, HML, and HLH obtained by wavelet conversion of values measured by a surface texture and the contour form measuring device ranges from 0.0002 ?m to 0.005 ?m and WRa (LLH) is 0.05 ?m or less, wherein the sub-surface layer contains at least one of a particular oxazole compound or a particular diamine compound.