Abstract: A display apparatus includes an organic electroluminescent element that emits blue light, an organic electroluminescent element that emits green light, and an organic electroluminescent element that emits red light. An optical adjustment layer provided on the organic electroluminescent element that emits red light has a thickness d1 that satisfies the following mathematical expression: (4m1?2?1/??3)?1/(8n1)<d1<(4m1?2?1/??1)?1/(8n1) where ?1 denotes a maximum peak wavelength of a spectrum of light emitted from the organic electroluminescent element that emits red light, n1 denotes a refractive index of the optical adjustment layer at the maximum peak wavelength ?1, ?1 denotes a phase shift of light output from the organic electroluminescent element that emits red light when the light emitted therefrom is reflected at an interface of the optical adjustment layer that is opposite to a second electrode, and m1 denotes a positive integer.

Abstract: A display apparatus includes an organic electroluminescent element that emits blue light, an organic electroluminescent element that emits green light, and an organic electroluminescent element that emits red light. An optical adjustment layer provided on the organic electroluminescent element that emits red light has a thickness d1 that satisfies the following mathematical expression: (4m1?2?1/??3)?1/(8n1)<d1<(4m1?2?1/??1)?1/(8n1) where ?1 denotes a maximum peak wavelength of a spectrum of light emitted from the organic electroluminescent element that emits red light, n1 denotes a refractive index of the optical adjustment layer at the maximum peak wavelength ?1, ?1 denotes a phase shift of light output from the organic electroluminescent element that emits red light when the light emitted therefrom is reflected at an interface of the optical adjustment layer that is opposite to a second electrode, and m1 denotes a positive integer.

Abstract: An organic electroluminescent (EL) display includes a plurality of organic EL devices for red, green, and blue subpixels, each including a first electrode on a light output side, a second electrode opposite the first electrode, and an organic compound layer including a light-emitting layer therebetween. The organic EL devices have a resonator structure between a first reflective surface closer to the first electrode than the organic compound layer and a second reflective surface closer to the second electrode than the organic compound layer. A predetermined white color is displayed by mixing the three colors such that an optical distance of the organic EL devices of each color between an emission position in the light-emitting layer and the second reflective surface is set within ±10% from an optical distance corresponding to an nth-order minimum of a curve of required current density against at least the optical distance.

Abstract: Provided is a display apparatus that uses a sealing configuration with a protective layer and in which the luminous efficiency of an organic electroluminescent element that emits blue light is improved.

Abstract: Provided is an organic electroluminescence display apparatus capable of reducing a chromaticity difference caused by light emission from an organic layer including an emission layer having the same color, which is continuously formed over two sub-pixels included in a pixel. The organic electroluminescence display apparatus includes: a substrate; and multiple organic electroluminescence devices which are stacked on the substrate, each of which includes electrodes and an organic layer sandwiched by the electrodes in which first organic layer and a second organic layer are arranged side by side in an emission region corresponding to a pixel formed on the substrate and a third organic layer is stacked over the first organic layer and the second organic layer through an intermediate electrode. The third organic layer has an emission spectrum peak wavelength which is longer than an emission spectrum peak wavelength of at least one of the first organic layer and the second organic layer.

Abstract: Provided is a stacked organic light-emitting device in which organic compound layers for respective emission colors are capable of separately emitting light. The stacked organic light-emitting device includes a first organic compound layer, a second organic compound layer, and a third organic compound layer, which have emission colors different from each other. The first organic compound layer is provided on one side of a common transparent electrode, and the second organic compound layer and the third organic compound layer are provided on another side thereof. The first organic compound layer has a polarity direction opposite to polarity directions of the second organic compound layer and the third organic compound layer.

Abstract: In an organic electroluminescence display device which includes: a display region DR in which a plurality of pixels are arranged; and a power source part CC which is arranged outside the display region, each of the plurality of pixels includes: a lower electrode An; a light emitting layer stacked above the lower electrode; and an upper electrode which includes a thin silver film AG and is formed by a layer shared in common by other pixels above the light emitting layer, the upper electrode extends to the power source part for electrically connection, the thin silver film has a portion arranged between the display region and the power source part, and a background layer containing an electron pair donor is arranged as a background of at least a portion of the thin silver film between the display region and the power source part.

Abstract: The organic light-emitting device of the present invention includes a plurality of organic light-emitting elements including an organic light-emitting element showing a first emission color and at least one organic light-emitting element showing a different emission color from the first emission color, each of the organic light-emitting elements including: a first electrode having a reflective surface; a second electrode placed on a light extraction side and including a semi-transparent layer; an organic compound layer including a light-emitting layer and formed between the first electrode and the second electrode; and a micro cavity structure for resonating light emitted from the light-emitting layer between the reflective surface and the semi-transparent layer, wherein the semi-transparent layer in the organic light-emitting element showing the first emission color is different in thickness and/or material from the semi-transparent layer in the at least one organic light-emitting element showing the differe

Abstract: The organic light-emitting device of the present invention includes a plurality of organic light-emitting elements including an organic light-emitting element showing a first emission color and at least one organic light-emitting element showing a different emission color from the first emission color, each of the organic light-emitting elements including: a first electrode having a reflective surface; a second electrode placed on a light extraction side and including a semi-transparent layer; an organic compound layer including a light-emitting layer and formed between the first electrode and the second electrode; and a micro cavity structure for resonating light emitted from the light-emitting layer between the reflective surface and the semi-transparent layer, wherein the semi-transparent layer in the organic light-emitting element showing the first emission color is different in thickness and/or material from the semi-transparent layer in the at least one organic light-emitting element showing the differe

Abstract: There is provided a display device which quenches ambient light by using only an optical interference effect without additionally using an optical filter such as a color filter, and can provide good visibility out of doors in the daylight. The display device includes a plurality of organic EL elements each having a light extraction electrode, a reflective electrode, and a plurality of organic compound layers disposed between the electrodes, wherein the plurality of organic EL elements include at least organic EL elements which emit a red light, a green light, and a blue light, respectively; a layer comprised of a material having anomalous dispersion is disposed at a location which is on a light extraction side with respect to the reflective electrode in each of the plurality of organic EL elements; and an ambient light reflectance of the display device shows a minimal in a region of 535 nm or more and 575 nm or less.

Abstract: The organic light-emitting device of the present invention includes a plurality of organic light-emitting elements including an organic light-emitting element showing a first emission color and at least one organic light-emitting element showing a different emission color from the first emission color, each of the organic light-emitting elements including: a first electrode having a reflective surface; a second electrode placed on a light extraction side and including a semi-transparent layer; an organic compound layer including a light-emitting layer and formed between the first electrode and the second electrode; and a micro cavity structure for resonating light emitted from the light-emitting layer between the reflective surface and the semi-transparent layer, wherein the semi-transparent layer in the organic light-emitting element showing the first emission color is different in thickness and/or material from the semi-transparent layer in the at least one organic light-emitting element showing the differe

Abstract: There is provided a display device which quenches ambient light by using only an optical interference effect without additionally using an optical filter such as a color filter, and can provide good visibility out of doors in the daylight. The display device includes a plurality of organic EL elements each having a light extraction electrode, a reflective electrode, and a plurality of organic compound layers disposed between the electrodes, wherein the plurality of organic EL elements include at least organic EL elements which emit a red light, a green light, and a blue light, respectively; a layer comprised of a material having anomalous dispersion is disposed at a location which is on a light extraction side with respect to the reflective electrode in each of the plurality of organic EL elements; and an ambient light reflectance of the display device shows a minimal in a region of 535 nm or more and 575 nm or less.

Abstract: An ignition timing control apparatus for an internal combustion engine having a supercharger in which a feedback control of decreasing the supercharged pressure is done in order to obviate knocking, wherein when a detection is made of a knocking with a detection of decrease in the controlled supercharged pressure under the condition of a constant throttle opening-degree, the ignition timing just at the detection of knocking is held for the control of ignition timing.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine equipped with a supercharger including a bypass passage avoiding a turbine and disposed in parallel to an exhaust pipe, and a bypass valve mounted in the bypass passage for controlling the flow rate of exhaust gas flowing through the exhaust pipe. A control method for the internal combustion engine equipped with a supercharger wherein an air intake is compressed by a compressor coaxially connected to the turbine driven by exhaust gas flowing in the exhaust pipe to supply a supercharger pressure to the engine; the temperature of exhaust gas flowing into a casing of the turbine is sensed by a temperature sensor; and the pressure of the air intake supplied to the engine as the supercharger pressure is controlled when the temperature sensor produces a signal, to thereby keep the temperature of the exhaust gas at a level below a predetermined value.

Abstract: A power control system for a supercharged internal combustion engine. The system has a passage providing a communication between the compressor outlet of the supercharger and an exhaust by-pass valve actuator, the passage being communicated at its other end with the compressor inlet of the supercharger. A variable orifice valve is disposed at an intermediate portion of the passage opening to the exhaust by-pass valve actuator and the compressor inlet. Control means is provided to control the opening of the variable orifice valve in accordance with the amount of depression of the accelerator pedal of the vehicle or the opening of the throttle valve of the engine.

Abstract: An air by-pass system in an internal combustion engine with a turbocharger which comprises a compressor driven by an exhaust gas turbine for supercharging suction air fed to the engine through a throttle valve, wherein an air by-pass passage is provided for connecting an area upstream from the compressor and an area downstream from the throttle valve, and an air valve is provided in the by-pass passage for controlling the amount of the by-pass air.

Abstract: In a knocking control device comprising an exhaust bypass valve driven by the diaphragm actuator and a knocking control circuit, the amount of bypassed exhaust gas is adjusted in accordance with the knocking, the upper and lower limits regarding the opening degree of the control valve are determined in accordance with the opening degree of the throttle valve and the signal determining the upper limit concerning the opening degree of the control valve is prior to the signal determining the opening degree of the control valve due to the knocking signal when the opening degree of the throttle valve is changed. Thus, an increase in the output of the engine and an improvement in specific fuel consumption is achieved and the durability of the engine is improved due to the elimination of knocking and a decrease in the temperature of the exhaust gas.