Abstract: A method of estimating an optical physical property value distribution includes: first estimating including reading a first measured value obtained by measuring isotropic backscattering light of light that is applied to a measurement subject, from a storage and estimating a first optical physical property value distribution that is an optical physical property value distribution in the measurement subject, by an inverse analysis arithmetic operation; and second estimating including reading a second measured value obtained by measuring more anisotropic backscattering light of light that is applied to the measurement subject than the backscattering light corresponding to the first measured value, from a storage and estimating a second optical physical property value distribution that is an optical physical property value distribution in the measurement subject, by an inverse analysis arithmetic operation using at least part of the first optical physical property value distribution as an initial value.

Abstract: A tire 10 has a decoration portion 15 using a paint on a surface of a side portion 12. The decoration portion 15 has a white paint layer 16 formed on at least a part of the decoration portion 15, a color paint layer 17 disposed by laminating on the white paint layer 16 and having a thickness less than the thickness of the white paint layer 16, and a protective layer 18 disposed by laminating on the color paint layer 17 and having the thickness less than the thickness of the white paint layer 16. The elastic modulus of the protective layer is larger than the elastic modulus of the white paint layer and the color paint layer. A thickness of the decoration portion 15 as a whole, including the white paint layer 15, the color paint layer 17 and the protective layer 18, is 150 ?m or less.

Abstract: Provided is a pneumatic tire including, on an outer surface of its sidewall portion, a decorative portion including a print layer and a protective layer located on a tire outer side of the print layer. The decorative portion further includes an intermediate layer located between the print layer and the protective layer. When a storage modulus of the print layer, a storage modulus of the protective layer, and a storage modulus of the intermediate layer are respectively defined as E1?, E2?, and E3?, the following relational expression is satisfied: E2?>E3?>E1?.

Abstract: Provided is a pneumatic tire including, on an outer surface of its sidewall portion, a decorative portion including a print layer and inner and outer layers respectively disposed on tire inner and outer sides of the print layer. When storage moduli at 25° C. of the print, inner, and outer layers are respectively defined as E125?, E225?, and E325?, E125?<E225? and E125?<E325? are satisfied. When storage moduli at 80° C. of the print, inner, and outer layers are respectively defined as E180?, E280?, and E380?, and storage modulus variations ?1, ?2, and ?3 at high temperature of the print, inner, and outer layers are respectively defined as ?1=|E125??E180?|/E125?, ?2=|E225??E280?|/E225?, and ?3=|E325??E380?|/E325?, ?1<?2 and ?1<?3, and E225?>E280? and E325?>E380? are satisfied.

Abstract: A heat source position inside a measurement object is identified with high accuracy by improving time resolution. An analysis system according to the present invention is an analysis system that identifies a heat source position inside a measurement object, and includes a condition setting unit that sets a measurement point for one surface of the measurement object, a tester that applies a stimulation signal to the measurement object, a light source that irradiates the measurement point of the measurement object with light, a photo detector that detects light reflected from a predetermined measurement point on the surface of the measurement object according to the irradiation of light and outputs a detection signal, and an analysis unit that derives a distance from the measurement point to the heat source position based on the detection signal and the stimulation signal and identifies the heat source position.

Abstract: A method of estimating an optical physical property value distribution includes: first estimating including reading a first measured value obtained by measuring isotropic backscattering light of light that is applied to a measurement subject, from a storage and estimating a first optical physical property value distribution that is an optical physical property value distribution in the measurement subject, by an inverse analysis arithmetic operation; and second estimating including reading a second measured value obtained by measuring more anisotropic backscattering light of light that is applied to the measurement subject than the backscattering light corresponding to the first measured value, from a storage and estimating a second optical physical property value distribution that is an optical physical property value distribution in the measurement subject, by an inverse analysis arithmetic operation using at least part of the first optical physical property value distribution as an initial value.

Abstract: An apparatus for inspecting an integrated circuit is an apparatus for inspecting an integrated circuit having a semiconductor substrate and a circuit portion formed on a front face a side of the semiconductor substrate. The apparatus comprises a light generation unit for generating light L for irradiating the integrated circuit, a wavelength width adjustment unit, for adjusting the wavelength width of the light irradiating the integrated circuit, an irradiation position adjustment unit for adjusting the irradiation position of the light irradiating the integrated circuit, and a light detection unit for detecting the light from the integrated circuit when the light from the light generation unit irradiates the circuit portion through a rear face of the semiconductor substrate.

Abstract: A heat source position inside a measurement object is identified with high accuracy by improving time resolution. An analysis system according to the present invention is an analysis system that identifies a heat source position inside a measurement object, and includes a condition setting unit that sets a measurement point for one surface of the measurement object, a tester that applies a stimulation signal to the measurement object, a light source that irradiates the measurement point of the measurement object with light, a photo detector that detects light reflected from a predetermined measurement point on the surface of the measurement object according to the irradiation of light and outputs a detection signal, and an analysis unit that derives a distance from the measurement point to the heat source position based on the detection signal and the stimulation signal and identifies the heat source position.

Abstract: A heat source position inside a measurement object is identified with high accuracy by improving time resolution. An analysis system according to the present invention is an analysis system that identifies a heat source position inside a measurement object, and includes a condition setting unit that sets a measurement point for one surface of the measurement object, a tester that applies a stimulation signal to the measurement object, a light source that irradiates the measurement point of the measurement object with light, a photo detector that detects light reflected from a predetermined measurement point on the surface of the measurement object according to the irradiation of light and outputs a detection signal, and an analysis unit that derives a distance from the measurement point to the heat source position based on the detection signal and the stimulation signal and identifies the heat source position.

Abstract: A PC registers in advance PC-assistant copying functions which can be provided by the printer driver for a MFP. The MFP presents, to the user, copying functions including the registered functions. Upon reception of a copy instruction, the MFP determines whether selected functions include a PC-assisted copying function. If the selected functions include a PC-assisted copying function, the MFP transmits, to the PC, scanned image data and a job ticket containing information representing the selected functions. Upon reception of the job ticket, the PC generates a print job for printing the image data on the basis of the job ticket, and transmits the print job to the MFP.

Abstract: A hydraulic device wherein an orifice is provided upstream of the discharge valve in an oil passage from the electric pump, a drain oil passage from the second hydraulic servo communicates between the orifice and the discharge valve in the oil passage from the electric pump, and an oil pressure in the oil passage upstream of the orifice is maintained at a predetermined pressure higher than the set pressure.

Abstract: A hydraulic control device for an automatic transmission, wherein when the first switching valve is switched to the first state while the second switching valve is in the third state, the reverse range pressure applied from the reverse range pressure input port of the second switching valve can be supplied from the first output port to the hydraulic servo for the first friction engagement element via the fourth output port of the second switching valve and the first input port of the first switching valve, and when a shift range is shifted from a neutral range to a reverse range, the second switching valve is in the fourth state, and the first switching valve is switched from the first state to the second state, so that the reverse range pressure applied to the reverse range pressure input port is cut off by the second switching valve.

Abstract: A jump shift of an automatic transmission with multiple shift speeds such as, e.g., ten forward speeds involves operation of many engagement elements. The shifting operation for the jump shift is therefore complicated, making it difficult for the automatic transmission to respond quickly. After shifting to the seventh speed as a direct coupling speed is completed by engaging three clutches C1, C3, C4, the remaining other clutch C2 is also engaged at the seventh speed. In the case of a jump shift, e.g., a shift from the seventh speed to the fifth speed, shifting to the fifth speed is completed by disengaging the clutch C1 and performing control to disengage the clutch C3 and to engage a brake B1 with the remaining other clutch C2 kept in the engaged state. This facilitates the shifting operation from the direct coupling speed and allows the automatic transmission to respond quickly.

Abstract: A heat source position inside a measurement object is identified with high accuracy by improving time resolution. An analysis system according to the present invention is an analysis system that identifies a heat source position inside a measurement object, and includes a condition setting unit that sets a measurement point for one surface of the measurement object, a tester that applies a stimulation signal to the measurement object, a light source that irradiates the measurement point of the measurement object with light, a photo detector that detects light reflected from a predetermined measurement point on the surface of the measurement object according to the irradiation of light and outputs a detection signal, and an analysis unit that derives a distance from the measurement point to the heat source position based on the detection signal and the stimulation signal and identifies the heat source position.

Abstract: A hydraulic control device that includes a solenoid valve capable of supplying a first engagement pressure to the first engagement element; and a first cut valve that is interposed in an oil passage from the solenoid valve to the first engagement element and is capable of cutting off supply of a hydraulic pressure to the first engagement element, wherein only the first engagement pressure and a second engagement pressure serve as hydraulic pressures that act such that the first cut valve cuts off the supply of the hydraulic pressure to the first engagement element, and the first cut valve is switched so as to cut off the supply of the hydraulic pressure to the first engagement element when the first engagement pressure and the second engagement pressure are simultaneously supplied to the first engagement element and the second engagement element, respectively.

Abstract: The present invention provides a control unit. When the control unit performs shifting from a state in which a first shift speed is established by supplying engagement pressures to both hydraulic oil chambers and engaging a predetermined engagement element to a second shift speed by switching engagement and disengagement states of engagement elements other than the predetermined engagement element (Step S1), the control unit reduces the supply of the engagement pressure to one of the two hydraulic oil chambers to a level lower than that in the state in which the first shift speed is established (Step S3).

Abstract: Provided is a pneumatic tire including, on an outer surface of its sidewall portion, a decorative portion including a print layer and a protective layer located on a tire outer side of the print layer. The decorative portion further includes an intermediate layer located between the print layer and the protective layer. When a storage modulus of the print layer, a storage modulus of the protective layer, and a storage modulus of the intermediate layer are respectively defined as E1?, E2?, and E3?, the following relational expression is satisfied: E2?>E3?>E1?.

Abstract: Provided is a pneumatic tire including, on an outer surface of its sidewall portion, a decorative portion including a print layer and inner and outer layers respectively disposed on tire inner and outer sides of the print layer. When storage moduli at 25° C. of the print, inner, and outer layers are respectively defined as E125?, E225?, and E325?, E125?<E225? and E125?<E325? are satisfied. When storage moduli at 80° C. of the print, inner, and outer layers are respectively defined as E180?, E280?, and E380?, and storage modulus variations ?1, ?2, and ?3 at high temperature of the print, inner, and outer layers are respectively defined as ?1=|E125??E180?|/E125?, ?2=|E225??E280?|/E225?, and ?3=|E325??E380?|/E325?, ?1<?2 and ?1<?3, and E225?>E280? and E325?>E380? are satisfied.

Abstract: A hydraulic control device that includes a solenoid valve capable of supplying a first engagement pressure to the first engagement element; and a first cut valve that is interposed in an oil passage from the solenoid valve to the first engagement element and is capable of cutting off supply of a hydraulic pressure to the first engagement element, wherein only the first engagement pressure and a second engagement pressure serve as hydraulic pressures that act such that the first cut valve cuts off the supply of the hydraulic pressure to the first engagement element, and the first cut valve is switched so as to cut off the supply of the hydraulic pressure to the first engagement element when the first engagement pressure and the second engagement pressure are simultaneously supplied to the first engagement element and the second engagement element, respectively.

Abstract: A PC registers in advance PC-assistant copying functions which can be provided by the printer driver for a MFP. The MFP presents, to the user, copying functions including the registered functions. Upon reception of a copy instruction, the MFP determines whether selected functions include a PC-assisted copying function. If the selected functions include a PC-assisted copying function, the MFP transmits, to the PC, scanned image data and a job ticket containing information representing the selected functions. Upon reception of the job ticket, the PC generates a print job for printing the image data on the basis of the job ticket, and transmits the print job to the MFP.