Abstract: In a clock shaping circuit, a phase comparator 31, a selector 76, a loop filter 2, and a VCSO/VCXO 4 form a PLL circuit's main feedback loop during normal operation. When the main feedback loop of the PLL circuit malfunctions due to unlocking, a quartz crystal oscillator circuit is used, and a PLL circuit's backup feedback loop is established, which includes a backup phase comparator 74, the selector 76, the loop filter 2, and the VCSO/VCXO 4.

Abstract: An angle detector 25 sets a q-axis command current to a first magnetic pole detecting current Iq_p1 and a second magnetic pole detecting current Iq_p2, and performs a magnetic pole detecting process to calculate a first magnetic pole reference value A1 and a second magnetic pole reference value A2 (t2-t3, t4-t5), and detect the orientation of the magnetic poles of a rotor 2 of a motor 1 based on the sign of the difference &Dgr;A (=A1−A2) between the first magnetic pole reference value A1 and the second magnetic pole reference value A2.

Abstract: An angle detector 25 detects a rotor angle &thgr; of a DC brushless motor 1 using a current value Iu_s detected by a U-phase current sensor 23 and a current value Iw_s detected by a W-phase current sensor 24 when high-frequency voltages vu, vv, vw for detecting a rotor angle are applied by a high-frequency adding unit 21. The high-frequency adding unit 21 determines the high-frequency voltages vu, vv, vw so that the direction of rotation of the motor 1 and the direction of a revolving magnetic field generated by the high-frequency voltages vu, vv, vw will be opposite to each other. A three-phase/dq converter 26 converts the current values Iw_s, Iu_s into a detected d-axis current Id_s and a detected q-axis current Iq_s using the rotor angle &thgr; detected by the angle detector 25.

Abstract: A sensorless detector 25 uses a rotor angle finally detected by a sensor interpolation detector 24 as an estimated value (&thgr;{circumflex over ( )}) of the rotor angle of a motor 3 in a first control cycle upon changing from a rotor angle detecting process carried out by the sensor interpolation detector 24. In subsequent control cycles, the sensorless detector 25 uses estimated values (&thgr;{circumflex over ( )}, &ohgr;{circumflex over ( )}) of the rotor angle and a rotor angular velocity in a preceding control cycle as calculation parameters, updates the calculation parameters with an observer which sequentially updates the calculation parameters depending on a phase difference (&thgr;−&thgr;{circumflex over ( )}) calculated in the preceding control cycle in order to eliminate the phase difference, for thereby calculating the estimated value (&thgr;{circumflex over ( )}) of the rotor angle of the motor 3 in the present control cycle.

Abstract: A remaining charge detecting system of an electric double layer capacitor to be usable, for example, as an energy source of a hybrid vehicle having an internal combustion engine and an electric motor separately driving wheels. The system includes a current-voltage sensor which generates an output indicative of a terminal voltage across terminals of the capacitor and an output indicative of charge/discharge current charged into and discharged from the capacitor and an electronic control unit, comprising a microcomputer, which inputs the outputs of the current-voltage sensor indicative of the terminal voltage and charge/discharge current and calculates a remaining charge of the capacitor based on a state equation (mathematical model) having the remaining charge of the capacitor as a state variable and an observer that observes the state equation, thereby enabling simple and accurate detection of the remaining charge of the electrical double layer capacitor without need for a high-precision current sensor.

Abstract: An integral term component generating unit 21 integrates a d-axis current difference &Dgr;Id and a q-axis current difference &Dgr;Iq using an integral gain Ki which is determined to stabilize a system where the d-axis current difference &Dgr;Id and the q-axis current difference &Dgr;Iq are multiplied by the integral gain Ki, integrated, and inputted, with respect to a steady gain M which approximates, including proportional gains Kp, the steady input-to-output relationship of a motor 2 to which the voltage applied to a d-axis armature and the voltage applied to a q-axis armature are inputted and from which the current flowing through the d-axis armature and the current flowing through the q-axis armature are outputted, thereby a d-axis integral term component Vd_i which is an integral term component of a d-axis command voltage Vd_c and a q-axis integral term component Vq_i which is an integral term component of a q-axis command voltage Vq_c are generated.

Abstract: A power transmitting apparatus for a hybrid vehicle having an engine, first and second power distributors, and first and second motors includes a rotation transmitting unit for transmitting a drive power of the second motor to a power output shaft at a speed reduction ratio &agr;1 greater than a speed reduction ratio &agr;2 at the first power distributor and a speed reduction ratio &agr;3 (<&agr;2) at the second power distributor, a second clutch assembly for selectively connecting an output shaft of the first motor to the first power distributor and an output shaft of the engine, and a first clutch assembly for selectively connecting an output shaft of the second motor to the second power distributor and the rotation transmitting unit. A controller controls operation of the clutch assemblies and the motors depending on an operating state of the hybrid vehicle.

Abstract: In a clock shaping circuit, a phase comparator 31, a selector 76, a loop filter 2, and a VCSO/VCXO 4 form a PLL circuit's main feedback loop during normal operation. When the main feedback loop of the PLL circuit malfunctions due to unlocking, a quartz crystal oscillator circuit is used, and a PLL circuit's backup feedback loop is established, which includes a backup phase comparator 74, the selector 76, the loop filter 2, and the VCSO/VCXO 4.

Abstract: By supplying a control voltage that corresponds to the phase difference between an output signal of a temperature-compensated crystal oscillator (TCXO 1) and a signal obtained by dividing an output signal of a voltage-controlled SAW oscillator (VCSO 4) using the SAW resonator to the VCSO 4, the frequency of the output signal of the VCSO 4 is controlled so as to be constant over a wide temperature range.

Abstract: An oscillation circuit is provided with a positive feedback oscillation loop constructed by an amplifier, a SAW resonator with a prescribed resonance frequency, a phase-shifting circuit which outputs the phase of an input signal as an output signal with a prescribed shift and a tank circuit composed of an inductance element and a capacitive element, and an NTC thermistor with negative temperature characteristics is connected in parallel to the tank circuit. Moreover, a capacitive element with a capacity-temperature characteristic for correcting the quadratic frequency-temperature characteristic of the SAW resonator is used in the oscillation circuit as the oscillation element of the tank circuit.

Abstract: A sensorless detector 25 uses a rotor angle finally detected by a sensor interpolation detector 24 as an estimated value (&thgr;ˆ ) of the rotor angle of a motor 3 in a first control cycle upon changing from a rotor angle detecting process carried out by the sensor interpolation detector 24. In subsequent control cycles, the sensorless detector 25 uses estimated values (&thgr;ˆ , &ohgr;ˆ ) of the rotor angle and a rotor angular velocity in a preceding control cycle as calculation parameters, updates the calculation parameters with an observer which sequentially updates the calculation parameters depending on a phase difference (&thgr;−&thgr;ˆ ) calculated in the preceding control cycle in order to eliminate the phase difference, for thereby calculating the estimated value (&thgr;ˆ ) of the rotor angle of the motor 3 in the present control cycle.

Abstract: An oscillation circuit 30 comprises a differential amplifier 31 having plural output terminals that provide output signals having different phases from each other, a SAW resonator 32, and a phase shift circuit 35, wherein the differential amplifier 31, SAW resonator 32, and phase shift circuit 35 forming a positive feedback oscillation loop and a switch circuit 34 being provided for selecting one of the output terminals of the differential amplifier 31 to complete the positive feedback oscillation loop. The switch circuit 34 selects one of the signals SQ1 and SQ2 and transmits it to the phase shift circuit 35. The phase shift circuit 35 transmits output signals that result from a predetermined phase shift of input signals to the SAW resonator 32.

Abstract: A method of adjusting the temperature properties of piezoelectric devices and oscillation circuits which have a third-order function temperature property and the point of inflection of the third-order function temperature property outside the normal usage temperature range. The local maximum point or local minimum point temperature located in the normal temperature range is regarded as the peak temperature of the apparent second-order function temperature property, and the peak temperature is adjusted to the optimum value in the normal temperature range by rotating the temperature property around the point of inflection located outside the normal temperature range by adjusting the first-order coefficient.

Abstract: An integral term component generating unit 21 integrates a d-axis current difference &Dgr;Id and a q-axis current difference &Dgr;Iq using an integral gain Ki which is determined to stabilize a system where the d-axis current difference &Dgr;Id and the q-axis current difference &Dgr;Iq are multiplied by the integral gain Ki, integrated, and inputted, with respect to a steady gain M which approximates, including proportional gains Kp, the steady input-to-output relationship of a motor 2 to which the voltage applied to a d-axis armature and the voltage applied to a q-axis armature are inputted and from which the current flowing through the d-axis armature and the current flowing through the q-axis armature are outputted, thereby a d-axis integral term component Vd_i which is an integral term component of a d-axis command voltage Vd_c and a q-axis integral term component vq_i which is an integral term component of a q-axis command voltage Vq_c are generated.

Abstract: A rotor angle detecting apparatus for a DC brushless motor is capable of detecting the angle of the rotor of the DC brushless motor with accuracy without the need for a position detecting sensor. A motor controller has a high-frequency voltage imposer, an angle detector, a U-phase current sensor, and a W-phase current sensor for detecting the rotor angle of the DC brushless motor. The angle detector detects the rotor angle &thgr; using a current value IU_s detected by the U-phase current sensor, a current value IW_s detected by the W-phase current sensor, and high-frequency components depending on high-frequency voltages vu, vv, vw, when the high-frequency voltages vu, vv, vw are imposed on command values VU_c, VV_c, VW_c for three-phase voltages by the high-frequency voltage imposer.

Abstract: A remaining charge detecting system of an electric double layer capacitor to be usable, for example, as an energy source of a hybrid vehicle having an internal combustion engine and an electric motor separately driving wheels. The system includes a current-voltage sensor which generates an output indicative of a terminal voltage across terminals of the capacitor and an output indicative of charge/discharge current charged into and discharged from the capacitor and an electronic control unit, comprising a microcomputer, which inputs the outputs of the current-voltage sensor indicative of the terminal voltage and charge/discharge current and calculates a remaining charge of the capacitor based on a state equation (mathematical model) having the remaining charge of the capacitor as a state variable and an observer that observes the state equation, thereby enabling simple and accurate detection of the remaining charge of the electrical double layer capacitor without need for a high-precision current sensor.

Abstract: A power transmitting apparatus for a hybrid vehicle having an engine, first and second power distributors, and first and second motors includes a rotation transmitting unit for transmitting a drive power of the second motor to a power output shaft at a speed reduction ratio &agr;1 greater than a speed reduction ratio &agr;2 at the first power distributor and a speed reduction ratio &agr;3 (<&agr;2) at the second power distributor, a second clutch assembly for selectively connecting an output shaft of the first motor to the first power distributor and an output shaft of the engine, and a first clutch assembly for selectively connecting an output shaft of the second motor to the second power distributor and the rotation transmitting unit. A controller controls operation of the clutch assemblies and the motors depending on an operating state of the hybrid vehicle.

Abstract: A composite apparatus includes a business-machine main-body apparatus having at least a copying function and a printer function, and a display device, also operating as an original-pressing plate, having a flat display surface for displaying an operational function and other information. The display device is provided above an original-reading device of the main-body apparatus. By allowing an operation using the display device from a plurality of sides of the main-body apparatus, the range of selection of location of the composite apparatus is widened, and the operability of the composite apparatus is improved.

Abstract: In a motor with permanent magnets and a motor system, the value .alpha. produced by dividing, by the induced voltage constant ke, the product of the inductance Lm of the motor itself or the inductance Ls of the motor system in the d-q coordinate system is selected to meet a predetermined condition. The range of rotational speeds in which the motor can be operated while maintaining a predetermined output under field weakening control can be widened. If a condition is established to determine a ratio by which the rated rotational speed under normal operating conditions is multiplied into a rotational speed under field weakening control, then conditions for a motor or a motor system that can be used can be determined.

Abstract: A non-contacting, inductively coupled leakage flux torque sensor particularly adapted for automobile power steering systems. The input and output shafts of the system are coupled by a lost motion mechanism. Discontinuities are formed in a ferromagnetic member. The discontinuities may comprise sets of slots or ferromagnetic projections on facing end surfaces of the ferromagnetic member. As a result of torsional stress on the member, the discontinuities change shape and dimension or are displaced, resulting in a change in leakage flux. The change in leakage flux is detected by two differentially connected coils. A modulator-demodulator circuit provides a determination of torque as a function of the changed flux.