Abstract: Disclosed is a gas sensor for controlling a concentration of oxygen and/or measuring NOx by allowing a current to flow through an ion-conductive member for conducting oxygen ion, by the aid of a current supply circuit, wherein the current, which is outputted from the current supply circuit, has a pulse waveform (current signal) having a constant crest value, and the current supply circuit comprises a rectangular wave-generating circuit for controlling a frequency of the current signal on the basis of an electromotive force generated in the ion-conductive member to which the current signal is supplied. Accordingly, it is possible to highly accurately measure the predetermined gas component while scarcely being affected by the electric noise or the like.

Abstract: Disclosed is a gas sensor for controlling a concentration of oxygen and/or measuring NOx by allowing a current to flow through an ion-conductive member for conducting oxygen ion, by the aid of a current supply circuit, wherein the current, which is outputted from the current supply circuit, has a pulse waveform (current signal) having a constant crest value, and the current supply circuit comprises a rectangular wave-generating circuit for controlling a frequency of the current signal on the basis of an electromotive force generated in the ion-conductive member to which the current signal is supplied. Accordingly, it is possible to highly accurately measure the predetermined gas component while scarcely being affected by the electric noise or the like.

Abstract: Disclosed is a gas sensor for controlling a concentration of oxygen and/or measuring NOx by allowing a current to flow through an ion-conductive member for conducting oxygen ion, by the aid of a current supply circuit, wherein the current, which is outputted from the current supply circuit, has a pulse waveform (current signal) having a constant crest value, and the current supply circuit comprises a rectangular wave-generating circuit for controlling a frequency of the current signal on the basis of an electromotive force generated in the ion-conductive member to which the current signal is supplied. Accordingly, it is possible to highly accurately measure the predetermined gas component while scarcely being affected by the electric noise or the like.

Abstract: An electron emitter has an electric field receiving member formed on a substrate, a cathode electrode formed on one surface of the electric field receiving member, and an anode electrode formed on the one surface of the electric field receiving member, with a slit defined between the cathode electrode and the anode electrode. The electric field receiving member is made of a dielectric material. The electron emitter also has a modulation circuit for modulating a pulse signal applied between the cathode electrode and the anode electrode based on a control signal supplied from a controller such as a CPU to control at least an amount of emitted electrons.

Abstract: An electron emitter has an emitter section formed on a substrate, a cathode electrode formed on one surface of the emitter section, and an anode electrode formed on the same one surface of the emitter section and cooperating with the cathode electrode in providing a slit. A pulse generation source applies a drive voltage between the cathode electrode and the anode electrode. The anode electrode is connected to GND (ground). The slit has a width in the range from 0.1 ?m to 50 ?m.

Abstract: An electron emitter has an electric field receiving member formed on a substrate, a cathode electrode formed on one surface of the electric field receiving member, and an anode electrode formed on the one surface of the electric field receiving member, with a slit defined between the cathode electrode and the anode electrode. The electric field receiving member is made of a dielectric material. The electron emitter also has a modulation circuit for modulating a pulse signal applied between the cathode electrode and the anode electrode based on a control signal supplied from a controller such as a CPU to control at least an amount of emitted electrons.

Abstract: A display comprises a housing having a mother board, an outer frame, and a transparent plate, and a plurality of modules each having a plurality of electron emitters arrayed on a module board. The modules are disposed as a matrix on the mother board, and sealed in vacuum in the housing. One or more spacers may be interposed between the mother board and the transparent plate to keep a gap at a predetermined distance between the mother board and the transparent plate.

Abstract: Disclosed is a gas sensor for controlling a concentration of oxygen and/or measuring NOx by allowing a current to flow through an ion-conductive member for conducting oxygen ion, by the aid of a current supply circuit, wherein the current, which is outputted from the current supply circuit, has a pulse waveform (current signal) having a constant crest value, and the current supply circuit comprises a rectangular wave-generating circuit for controlling a frequency of the current signal on the basis of an electromotive force generated in the ion-conductive member to which the current signal is supplied. Accordingly, it is possible to highly accurately measure the predetermined gas component while scarcely being affected by the electric noise or the like.

Abstract: An electron emitter has an electric field receiving member formed on a substrate, a drive electrode formed on one surface of the electric field receiving member, and a common electrode formed on the one surface of the electric field receiving member, with a slit defined between the drive electrode and the common electrode. The drive electrode is supplied with a drive signal from a pulse generation source, and the common electrode is connected to a common potential generation source (GND in the illustrated embodiment). The slit has a width d in the range from 0.1 &mgr;m to 50 &mgr;m.

Abstract: When a pulsed voltage is applied to a drive electrode, an electric field is concentrated in the vicinity of a slit, producing a field emission phenomenon. The emitted electrons are applied to a fluorescent layer when a bias voltage is applied preferably to a common electrode or a collector electrode. The fluorescent layer is excited to emit light as indicated by the arrows. Light emission devices may be arranged in a two-dimensional array, providing a field emission display.

Abstract: Disclosed is a gas sensor for controlling a concentration of oxygen and/or measuring NOx by allowing a current to flow through an ion-conductive member for conducting oxygen ion, by the aid of a current supply circuit, wherein the current, which is outputted from the current supply circuit, has a pulse waveform (current signal) having a constant crest value, and the current supply circuit comprises a rectangular wave-generating circuit for controlling a frequency of the current signal on the basis of an electromotive force generated in the ion-conductive member to which the current signal is supplied. Accordingly, it is possible to highly accurately measure the predetermined gas component while scarcely being affected by the electric noise or the like.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for continuously producing a single crystal by drawing downwardly a melt of a single crystal raw material, wherein a single crystal body grown from the melt is continuously pulled downwardly, and a plurality of single crystal products are continuously formed by intermittently cutting the single crystal body being downwardly moved.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for continuously producing a single crystal by drawing downwardly a melt of a single crystal raw material, wherein a single crystal body grown from the melt is continuously pulled downwardly, and a plurality of single crystal products are continuously formed by intermittently cutting the single crystal body being downwardly moved.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for continuously producing a single crystal by drawing downwardly a melt of a single crystal raw material, wherein a single crystal body grown from the melt is continuously pulled downwardly, and a plurality of single crystal products are continuously formed by intermittently cutting the single crystal body being downwardly moved.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for producing a film of an oxide type single crystal on a substrate of such an oxide type single crystal by epitaxially growing the oxide type single crystal on the substrate through contacting the substrate onto a melt in an overcooled state. The substrate of the oxide type single crystal is contacted with the melt held in a first furnace, and the substrate of the oxide type single crystal is held inside a second furnace separated from said first furnace, and the temperature of the substrate is adjusted in the second furnace. An oxide type single crystal film-producing apparatus is also disclosed.