Abstract: A functional film at least one surface of which has at least one of characteristics that (1) the surface has an unevenness that its surface roughness is from 10 A to 500 A as RMS value; (2) the surface has an unevenness whose pitch has an average value not larger than the RMS value of surface roughness; and (3) the surface comprises an oxide of an inorganic element (represented by M), and the value of [number of carbon atoms]/[number of M atoms] at the surface is 0.1 or less; an article having such a film; and processes for producing these are provided in the present invention.

Abstract: The present invention provides an optical detection apparatus and an optical detection method for measuring at a high resolution an image in the wavelength range of from the infrared region to the gamma-ray region. The optical detection apparatus has a photoelectric conversion medium, which makes a change in electric property according to incidence of image in the wavelength range of from the infrared region to the gamma-ray region, a probe arranged in contact with the photoelectric conversion medium, and an urging mechanism for urging the probe against the photoelectric conversion medium to make the probe contact at a predetermined urging force with the medium.