Abstract: A recording medium stores a program for causing a computer to execute processing including: storing a first policy label according to a data type to be stored in a target table in metadata of the target table; referring to policy management information that defines content of access control that is performed on each role pattern and specifying the content of the access control that is performed on the each role pattern that corresponds to the first policy label stored in the metadata, for each of policy label that includes the first policy label; and referring to role management information that represents a correspondence between the each role pattern and roles in the target table and creating access control information that represents content of access control that is performed on a role based on the specified content of the access control that is performed on the each role pattern.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and devices for techniques for communicating multi-level signals are described. A first device may be configured to communicate signals with a second device according to a modulation scheme. The first device may transmit a first signal to the second device at a first voltage level of the modulation scheme corresponding to a first multi-bit value. The first device may select a second voltage level of the modulation scheme based on a difference between the first voltage level and a third voltage level of the PAM scheme, and may transmit a second signal to the second device at the second voltage level to indicate a second multi-bit value corresponding to the third voltage level. The second device may decode the second signal to determine the second multi-bit value based on receiving the first signal at the first voltage level and the second signal at the second voltage level.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and devices for activate commands for memory preparation are described. A memory device may receive an activate command for a row of a memory bank in the memory device. The activate command may include an indicator that indicates a type of an access operation associated with the activate command. The memory device may perform, based on the type of the access operation, an operation to prepare the memory device for the access operation. The memory device may then receive an access command for the access operation after performing the operation to prepare the memory device for the access operation.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and devices for activate commands for memory preparation are described. A memory device may receive an activate command for a row of a memory bank in the memory device. The activate command may include an indicator that indicates a type of an access operation associated with the activate command. The memory device may perform, based on the type of the access operation, an operation to prepare the memory device for the access operation. The memory device may then receive an access command for the access operation after performing the operation to prepare the memory device for the access operation.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and devices for techniques for communicating multi-level signals are described. A first device may be configured to communicate signals with a second device according to a modulation scheme. The first device may transmit a first signal to the second device at a first voltage level of the modulation scheme corresponding to a first multi-bit value. The first device may select a second voltage level of the modulation scheme based on a difference between the first voltage level and a third voltage level of the PAM scheme, and may transmit a second signal to the second device at the second voltage level to indicate a second multi-bit value corresponding to the third voltage level. The second device may decode the second signal to determine the second multi-bit value based on receiving the first signal at the first voltage level and the second signal at the second voltage level.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and devices for multi-driver signaling are described. An apparatus may include a first voltage source configured to supply a positive voltage and a second voltage source configured to supply a negative voltage. The apparatus may also include a first driver configured to couple a transmission line of a bus with the first voltage source and a second driver configured to couple the transmission line of the bus with the second voltage source. The first driver may be configured to transfer current to the transmission line based on a configurable resistance of the first driver. And the second driver configured to transfer current from the transmission line of the bus based on a configurable resistance of the second driver.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and devices for techniques for communicating multi-level signals are described. A first device may be configured to communicate signals with a second device according to a modulation scheme. The first device may transmit a first signal to the second device at a first voltage level of the modulation scheme corresponding to a first multi-bit value. The first device may select a second voltage level of the modulation scheme based on a difference between the first voltage level and a third voltage level of the PAM scheme, and may transmit a second signal to the second device at the second voltage level to indicate a second multi-bit value corresponding to the third voltage level. The second device may decode the second signal to determine the second multi-bit value based on receiving the first signal at the first voltage level and the second signal at the second voltage level.

Abstract: Disclosed is a ring network in which a plurality of transmitting apparatuses are connected in ring form so as to be capable of transmitting in each of upstream and downstream directions, working and protection channels are assigned to each direction and, when failure occurs in a transmission path, a transmit signal is looped back using the protection channel to effect rescue. The ring network includes an insert transmitting apparatus that incorporates a packet, which enters from a lower-order side, into a higher-order signal and transmits the signal to a transmission path, and a drop transmitting apparatus that extracts the packet from the higher-order signal and transmits the packet to another lower-order side. Monitoring is performed to determine whether communication between the insert and drop transmitting apparatus has become unrescuable owing to transmission-path failure.

Abstract: Disclosed is a ring network in which a plurality of transmitting apparatuses are connected in ring form so as to be capable of transmitting in each of upstream and downstream directions, working and protection channels are assigned to each direction and, when failure occurs in a transmission path, a transmit signal is looped back using the protection channel to effect rescue. The ring network includes an insert transmitting apparatus that incorporates a packet, which enters from a lower-order side, into a higher-order signal and transmits the signal to a transmission path, and a drop transmitting apparatus that extracts the packet from the higher-order signal and transmits the packet to another lower-order side. Monitoring is performed to determine whether communication between the insert and drop transmitting apparatus has become unrescuable owing to transmission-path failure.