Abstract: Method for producing structured electrically conductive surfaces on a substrate, which comprises the following steps: a) structuring a base layer containing electrolessly and/or electrolytically coatable particles on the substrate by ablating the base layer according to a predetermined structure with a laser, b) activating the surface of the electrolessly and/or electrolytically coatable particles and c) applying an electrically conductive coating onto the structured base layer.

Abstract: The present invention relates to processes for application of a metal layer on a substrate via deposition of a metal from a metal salt solution by a chemical and/or electroplating method, a significant factor in these processes being that carbon nanotubes are present in the substrate surface. The present invention moreover relates to the use of carbon nanotubes for application of a metal layer on a substrate.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing structured, electrically-conductive surfaces (3, 11) on an electrically nonconductive support (1), in which the structured and/or full-area electrically-conductive surfaces (3) of a first plane are applied onto the support (1) in a first step, an insulating layer (9) is applied in a second step at the positions where structured and/or full-area electrically-conductive surfaces (11) of a second plane cross the structured and/or full-area electrically-conductive surfaces (3) of the first plane and no electrical contact is intended to take place between the structured and/or full-area electrically-conductive surfaces of the first plane (3) and of the second plane (11), in a third step the structured and/or full-area electrically-conductive surfaces (11) of the second plane are applied according to the first step, and the second and third steps are optionally repeated.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device for the electrolytic coating of a structured or full-surface base layer (9) on a surface of a substrate (7), which comprises at least one electrolyte bath (3) having at least one rotatably mounted roller (2) connectable as a cathode, which contacts the base layer (9) during the electrolytic coating, the base layer (9) being covered by an electrolyte solution (5) contained in the electrolyte bath (3) and being moved relative to the at least one roller (2) during the coating. The at least one roller (2) connectable as a cathode is connected cathodically during the contact with the base layer (9) and is connected neutrally or anodically as soon as there is no contact with the base layer (9).

Abstract: Method for producing electrically conductive, structured or full-area surfaces on a support, in which a structured or full-area base layer onto the support in a first step by using a dispersion, which contains electrically conductive particles in a matrix material, the matrix material is at least partially cured and/or dried in a second step, the electrically conductive particles are exposed in a third step by at least partially breaking the matrix, and a metal layer is formed on the structured or full-area base layer in a fourth step by electroless and/or electrolytic coating.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device for the electrolytic coating of at least one electrically conductive substrate or a structured or full-surface electrically conductive surface on a nonconductive substrate, which comprises at least one bath, one anode and one cathode, the bath containing an electrolyte solution containing at least one metal salt, from which metal ions are deposited on electrically conductive surfaces of the substrate to form a metal layer while the cathode is brought in contact with the substrate's surface to be coated and the substrate is transported through the bath, wherein the cathode comprises at least two disks (2, 4, 10) mounted on a respective shaft (1, 5, 14) so that they can rotate, the disks (2, 4, 10) engaging in one another. The invention furthermore relates to a method for the electrolytic coating of at least one substrate, which is carried out in a device according to the invention.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device for the electrolytic coating of at least one electrically conductive substrate (8) or a structured or full-surface electrically conductive surface on a nonconductive substrate (8), which comprises at least one bath, one anode and one cathode (1), the bath containing an electrolyte solution containing at least one metal salt, from which metal ions are deposited on electrically conductive surfaces of the substrate to form a metal layer while the cathode is brought in contact with the surface to be coated of the substrate and the substrate is transported through the bath. The cathode comprises at least one band (2) having at least one electrically conductive section (12), which is guided around at least two rotatable shafts (3).

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for preparing essentially isometric nanoparticulate lanthanide-boron compounds or solid mixtures comprising essentially isometric nanoparticulate lanthanide-boron compounds, which comprises a) mixing i) one or more lanthanide compounds selected from the group consisting of lanthanide hydroxides, lanthanide hydrides, lanthanide chalcogenides, lanthanide halides, lanthanide borates and mixed compounds of the lanthanide compounds mentioned, ii) one or more compounds selected from the group consisting of crystalline boron, amorphous boron, boron carbides, boron hydrides and boron halides and iii) if appropriate one or more reducing agents selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, carbon, organic compounds, alkaline earth metals and alkaline earth metal hydrides dispersed in an inlet carrier gas with one another, b) reacting the mixture of the components i), ii) and, if appropriate, iii) in the inert solvent by means of thermal treatment within a reaction zone,

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for producing a metalized textile fabric, which comprises a textile fabric being (A) printed with a printing formulation comprising as a component at least one metal powder (a) selected from pulverulent Zn, Ni, Cu, Sn, Co, Mn, Fe, Mg, Pb, Cr and Bi, mixtures and alloys thereof, (B) thermally treated in one or more steps, (C) depositing a further metal on the textile fabric.

Abstract: Process for preparing double metal cyanide catalysts of the general formula (I) M2a[M1(CN)rXt]b ??(I) where M2 is preferably Co(III) or Fe(III), and M1 is preferably Zn(II), X is a group other than cyanide which forms a coordinate bond to M1 and is selected from the group consisting of carbonyl, cyanate, isocyanate, nitrile, thiocyanate and nitrosyl, a, b, r, t are integers which are selected so that the compound is electrically neutral, by reacting a) a cyanometallic acid of the general formula (II) Hw[M1(CN)r(X)t] where M1 and X are as defined above, r and t are as defined above and w is selected so that the compound is electrically neutral, with b) a readily protolyzable metal compound (IIIa) M2Rw and/or (IIIb) M2RuYv, where M2 is as defined above, the groups R are identical or different and are each the anion of a very weak protic acid having a pKa of ?20, and Y is the anion of an inorganic mineral acid or a moderately strong to strong organic acid having a pKa of from ?10 to +10, w correspon

Abstract: The present invention relates to amphiphilic polymer compositions, to a process for their preparation and to their use for preparing aqueous active compound compositions of water-insoluble active compounds, in particular active compounds for crop protection. The amphiphilic polymer compositions can be obtained by reacting a) at least one hydrophobic polymer P1 which carries functional groups R1 which are reactive toward isocyanate groups and which is constructed of ethylenically unsaturated monomers M1, comprising: a1) at least 10% by weight, based on the total amount of monomers M1, of monomers M1a of the formula I in which X is oxygen or a group N—R4; R1, R2, R3 and R4 are as defined in the claims and the description; a2) up to 90% by weight, based on the total amount of monomers M1, of neutral monoethylenically unsaturated monomers M1b whose solubility in water at 25° C.

Abstract: Metalizable foils or sheets produced from a plastics mixture comprising, components A, B, C, and D, which gives a total of 100% by weight, a from 5 to 50% by weight of a thermoplastic polymer as component A, b from 50 to 95% by weight of a metal powder with an average particle diameter of from 0.01 to 100 ?m where the normal electrode potential of the metal in acidic solution is more negative than that of silver, as component B, c from 0 to 10% by weight of a dispersing agent as component C, and d from 0 to 40% by weight of fibrous or particulate fillers or their mixtures as component D, wherein the tensile strain at break of component A is greater by a factor of from 11 to 100 than the tensile strain at break of the plastics mixture comprising components A, B, and, if present, C and D, and wherein the tensile strength of component A is greater by a factor of from 0.5 to 4 than the tensile strength of the plastics mixture comprising components A, B, and, if present, C and D.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a dispersion for application of a metal layer on a substrate that is not electrically conductive, comprising an organic binder component, a metal component with different metals and/or metal particle shapes, and with a solvent component. The invention moreover relates to a process for preparation of the dispersion, to a process using the dispersion for production of a metal layer, if appropriate structured, and to the resultant substrate surfaces and their use.

Abstract: The present invention relates to polymer compositions, to a process for their preparation and to their use for preparing aqueous active compound compositions of water-insoluble active compounds, in particular of active compounds for crop protection.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compositions at least comprising one alkoxylate of the formula RO(A)n(B)mH, to processes for the preparation of such compositions, in particular in the presence of double-metal cyanide compounds as catalyst, and their use as emulsifier, foam regulator or as wetting agents for hard surfaces. Moreover, the present invention also relates to the use of such compositions in detergents and surfactant formulations.

Abstract: The invention relates to processes for producing nanoparticles, especially pigment particles, comprising the following steps: i) bringing a base substance (1) into the gas phase, ii) generating particles by cooling or reacting the gaseous base substance (1), and iii) applying electrical charge to the particles during particle generation in step ii) in a nanoparticle generation apparatus. The invention further relates to apparatus for producing nanoparticles, having a feed line (28) for transporting the gas stream (29) into the apparatus, a particle generation and charging area for substantially simultaneous generation and charging of nanoparticles, and a takeoff line (30) for transporting the charged nanoparticles from the particle generation and charging area.

Abstract: A hemispherical goniophotometer is disclosed, in which two pivoting arms are articulated on a revolving rotating arm and are each fitted with a measurement head. The geometry of the arrangement is chosen such that the measurement heads can move along the envelope surface of a hemisphere during rotating of the rotating arm through 360° and pivoting of the pivoting arms through 180°.

Abstract: The invention relates to a mixture comprising a surfactant and a cosurfactant, the cosurfactant being an amphiphilic polymer having one or more hydrophobic subunits (A) and one or more hydrophilic subunits (B), wherein one or more hydrophobic subunits (A) have been formed on the basis of a polyisobutene block whose polyisobutene macromolecules have terminal double bonds to an extent of at least 50 mol %.

Abstract: A mixture comprising a surfactant and a cosurfactant is proposed, wherein the cosurfactant used is an amphiphilic polymer with the structural formula in which A? is an unbranched or branched alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl or aralkyl radical having 1 to 60 carbon atoms, Y is S or O, A is a structural unit with the formula in which R1, R2, R3 and R4 independently of one another, are the substituents hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, octyl or phenyl, m is a running number in the range from 10 to 200, X is a structural unit with the formula in which the substituents R1, R2, R3 and R4 are the same as in the structural unit A, q=0 or q=1, B is a monomeric subunit based on ethylene oxide or a mixture of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide, n is a running number in the range from 20 to 500 and p=q+1.

Abstract: A mixture comprising a surfactant and a cosurfactant is proposed wherein the cosurfactant used is an amphiphilic comb polymer having a backbone with two or more side chains attached to the backbone, where the side chains differ from one another and/or the side chains differ from the backbone in their amphiphilic character.