Abstract: A prophylactic or therapeutic agent for diabetic maculopathy, which can be administered for a long time and exhibits efficacy in a mechanism different from that of existing medicines. The invention relates to a prophylactic or therapeutic agent for diabetic maculopathy, comprising, as an active ingredient, a compound represented by the general formula: wherein X represents a halogen or a hydrogen atom, R1 and R2 concurrently or differently represent a hydrogen atom or an optionally substituted C1 to C6 alkyl group, or R1 and R2, together with a nitrogen atom bound thereto and optionally another nitrogen atom or an oxygen atom, are combined to form a 5- to 6-membered heterocycle. Preferably, the compound is (2S,4S)-6-fluoro-2?,5?-dioxospiro[chroman-4,4?-imidazolidine]-2-carboxamide. The invention also provides a model animal with diabetic maculopathy produced by subjecting a diabetic animal to intraocular ischemia/reperfusion to express edema in a retinal visual cell layer or in a macula lutea.

Abstract: A prophylactic or therapeutic agent for diabeticmaculopathy, which can be administered for a long time and exhibits efficacy in a mechanism different from that of existing medicines. The invention relates to a prophylactic or therapeutic agent for diabetic maculopathy, comprising, as an active ingredient, a compound represented by the general formula: wherein X represents a halogen or a hydrogen atom, R1 and R2 concurrently or differently represent a hydrogen atom or an optionally substituted C1 to C6 alkyl group, or R1 and R2, together with a nitrogen atom bound thereto and optionally another nitrogen atom or an oxygen atom, are combined to form a 5- to 6-membered heterocycle. Preferably, the compound is (2S,4S)-6-fluoro-2?,5?-dioxospiro chroman-4,4?-imidazolidine]-2-carboxamide. The invention also provides a model animal with diabetic maculopathy produced by subjecting a diabetic animal to intraocular ischemia/reperfusion to express edema in a retinal visual cell layer or in a macula lutea.

Abstract: The invention relates to a hollow fiber membrane module comprising polysulfone type selectively permeable hollow fiber membranes which contain a polysulfone-based resin and a hydrophilic polymer as main components, wherein (A) the content of the hydrophilic polymer in the uppermost layer of the inner surface of the hollow fiber membrane is at least 1.1 times larger than the content of the hydrophilic polymer in the proximate layer of the inner surface of the membrane, and (B) the content of the hydrophilic polymer in the uppermost layer of the outer surface of the hollow fiber membrane is at least 1.1 times larger than the content of the hydrophilic polymer in the uppermost layer of the inner surface of the membrane. The hollow fiber membrane module is exposed to a radioactive ray, on condition that the oxygen concentration of an ambient atmosphere around the hollow fiber membrane is from 0.001 to 0.1%, and that the moisture content of the hollow fiber membrane to the weight thereof is from 0.2 to 7 mass %.

Abstract: The present invention provides a hollow fiber membrane for treating liquids. When used for a hollow fiber membrane module for refining a fermented liquid such as beer or wine, the hollow fiber membrane exhibits a high filtration performance per unit area thereof, with reduced clogging of the membrane. The membrane performance is sufficiently recovered by washing. The present invention is a hollow fiber membrane for treating liquids, wherein a ratio of Flux 120 to Flux 30 is 0.45 or higher when filtration is performed by supplying a solution having a turbidity of 20 NTU into a hollow fiber membrane having an internal diameter of 500 to 1500 ?m and a membrane thickness of 100 to 500 ?m with a transmembrane pressure of 1.5 bar, the Flux 30 being flux 30 minutes after the start of the filtration, the Flux 120 being flux 120 minutes after the start of the filtration.

Abstract: The present invention provides a polysulfone type hollow fiber membrane which is reliable in safety and stability of performance and is easily incorporated into a module, and thus can be suitably used in a highly water permeable blood purifier for use in a therapy of chronic renal failure. The present invention relates to a polysulfone type selectively permeable hollow fiber membrane comprising a polysulfone type resin and a hydrophilic polymer as main components, and characterized in that (A) the content of the hydrophilic polymer in the uppermost layer of a surface of the polysulfone type hollow fiber membrane on the blood-contacting side is at least 1.1 times larger than the content of the hydrophilic polymer in the proximate layer of the surface on the blood-contacting side, and (B) the content of the hydrophilic polymer in the uppermost layer of the other surface of the polysulfone type hollow fiber membrane, i.e., the reverse side of the surface on the blood-contacting side, is at least 1.

Abstract: [Purpose] To provide a blood purifier which has high levels of blood compatibility, performance-retaining property when in contact with blood, and safety, and which shows an excellent water permeability-exhibiting rate after a priming treatment and has high reliability in long-term storage.

Abstract: Purpose: To provide a polymeric porous hollow fiber membrane which exhibits excellent fractionation performance and excellent permeability in treatment of a variety of aqueous fluids and also shows sufficient strength when incorporated into a module or used to treat a fluid, and which is excellent in aging stability in these performances and characteristics and is also excellent in membrane performance recoverability by washing, and which is especially suitable for treatment of a polyphenol-containing beverage and is expected to effectively harmonize the flavor of such a beverage.

Abstract: An agent for prevention and treatment of acute renal failure comprising a hydantoin derivative represented by the general formula below as an active ingredient. One example of such compounds is (2S, 4S)-6-fluoro-2?,5?-dioxospiro[chroman-4,4?imidazolidine]-2-carboxamide.

Abstract: Objects of the present invention are to provide a blood purifier package which shows a less increase in the amounts of extracts from the materials of its blood purifier, particularly of its selective permeable separation membranes, attributed to the deterioration of the same materials with time after exposure to a radioactive ray or an electron ray, and which is therefore highly reliable in safety in use for hemocatharsis, and to provide a process for manufacturing the same. The present invention relates to a blood purifier package obtained by packing a blood purifier which comprises selectively permeable separation membranes as a main component, and this blood purifier package is characterized in that the blood purifier is packed and sealed together with an oxygen scavenger in a packaging material capable of shutting out an external air and a water vapor, under a condition of a relative humidity of above 40% RH at 25° C.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for sterilizing a blood purifier, which method is effective to decrease the amounts of extracts from the blood purifier attributed to the deterioration of the selectively permeable separation membranes with time during and after exposure to a radioactive ray or an electron ray, and which method is highly reliable in safety when employed for hemocatharsis therapy. The present invention also provides a blood purifier package. The present invention relates to a method for sterilizing a blood purifier which comprises substantially dried selectively permeable separation membranes as a main component, by way of the exposure of the same blood purifier to a radioactive ray and/or an electron ray, and this method is characterized in that the blood purifier is sealed in a packaging bag, together with an oxygen scavenger and a humectant or together with an oxygen scavenger capable of releasing a moisture, and is then sterilized in such a sealed state by the above exposure.

Abstract: The present invention provides a blood purifier which shows a decreased amount of hydrogen peroxide extracted from its selectively permeable separation membranes, and thus is highly reliable in its safety in use for hemecatharysis. The present invention relates to a blood purifier which comprises selectively permeable separation membranes as a main component and which is characterized in that the amount of hydrogen peroxide which is extracted from the selectively permeable separation membrane removed from the blood purifier after 3 months or longer has passed since the sterilization of the blood purifier by exposure to a radioactive ray and/or an electron ray is not larger than 10 ppm.

Abstract: The invention relates to a hollow fiber membrane module comprising polysulfone type selectively permeable hollow fiber membranes which contain a polysulfone-based resin and a hydrophilic polymer as main components, wherein (A) the content of the hydrophilic polymer in the uppermost layer of the inner surface of the hollow fiber membrane is at least 1.1 times larger than the content of the hydrophilic polymer in the proximate layer of the inner surface of the membrane, and (B) the content of the hydrophilic polymer in the uppermost layer of the outer surface of the hollow fiber membrane is at least 1.1 times larger than the content of the hydrophilic polymer in the uppermost layer of the inner surface of the membrane. The hollow fiber membrane module is exposed to a radioactive ray, on condition that the oxygen concentration of an ambient atmosphere around the hollow fiber membrane is from 0.001 to 0.1%, and that the moisture content of the hollow fiber membrane to the weight thereof is from 0.2 to 7 mass %.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a highly water-permeable hollow fiber membrane type blood purifier which comprises hydrophobic polymer hollow fiber membranes each containing a hydrophilic polymer, wherein the hollow fiber membrane has a hydrophilic polymer content of 25 to 50 mass % and a ratio of hole areas of 8 to 25% at its outer surface, and has a thickness non-uniformity degree of 0.6 or more, a thickness of 10 to 60 ?m and a burst pressure of 0.5 to 2 MPa, and which is characterized in that the blood purifier has a water permeability of 150 to 2,000 ml/m2/hr/mmHg, and in that said blood purifier is exposed to radioactive rays on conditions that the oxygen concentration of an ambient atmosphere around the hollow fiber membranes is from 0.001% inclusive to 0.1% inclusive, and that the moisture content of the hollow fiber membrane to its weight is from 0.2 mass % inclusive to 7 mass % inclusive. The present invention also relates to a process for manufacturing the same-blood purifier.

Abstract: A prophylactic or therapeutic agent for diabetic maculopathy, which can be administered for a long time and exhibits efficacy in a mechanism different from that of existing medicines. The invention relates to a prophylactic or therapeutic agent for diabetic maculopathy, comprising, as an active ingredient, a compound represented by the general formula: wherein X represents a halogen or a hydrogen atom, R1 and R2 concurrently or differently represent a hydrogen atom or an optionally substituted C1 to C6 alkyl group, or R1 and R2, together with a nitrogen atom bound thereto and optionally another nitrogen atom or an oxygen atom, are combined to form a 5- to 6-membered heterocycle. Preferably, the compound is (2S, 4S)-6-fluoro-2?,5?-dioxospiro [chroman-4,4?-imidazolidine]-2-carboxamide.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a permselective separation membrane that can be used in blood purifying treatment. More particularly, the present invention relates to a polysulfone-based permselective separation membrane which has well-balanced separation properties, highly stable safety and performance, and also can be smoothly assembled into a module, and a method for producing the same.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a polysulfone permselective hollow fiber membrane bundle which has high safety and high reliability in performance and which is particularly suitable for use in a blood purifier or the like, a process for manufacturing the same, and a blood purifier comprising the same.

Abstract: The present invention provides polysulfone-based hollow fiber membranes having high water permeable performance and for use in therapy of chronic renal failures, said hollow fiber membranes having high safety and high stability in performance and being excellent in module-fabricating workability. The present invention also provides a process for manufacturing the same. The present invention relates to a bundle of a plurality of selectively permeable polysulfone-based hollow fiber membranes wherein the amount of a hydrophilic polymer eluting from each hollow fiber membrane is not larger than 10 ppm, and wherein the content of the hydrophilic polymer in the outer surface of the hollow fiber membrane is 25 to 50 mass %, and this bundle is characterized in that any of extracted solutions from ten fractions of said bundle, obtained by dividing the bundle at substantially regular intervals along the lengthwise direction, shows a maximum value of smaller than 0.

Abstract: A socket for a semiconductor device having solder balls includes a circuit substrate, an interposing sheet and a holder. The circuit substrate has conductive bumps on one side thereof corresponding to the solder balls, respectively. The interposing sheet has interposing electrodes through the interposing sheet corresponding to the solder balls, respectively. The diameter of each interposing electrode is greater than that of each solder ball. The holder holds the semiconductor device on the circuit substrate through the interposing sheet under a load such that the interposing electrodes electrically connects the solder balls to the conductive bumps, respectively.

Abstract: Hydantoin derivatives and salts thereof, intermediates therefor, process for the preparation thereof, and medicines containing the derivative, wherein said derivatives have the formula ##STR1## wherein one of V and W is hydrogen and the other is a halogenomethyl group, 1H-tetrazol-5-yl radical, --COOR group,in which R is hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, --(CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 O)nCH.sub.3 group (n is an integer of 1 to 113) or substituted phenyl, ##STR2## in which R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are same or different independently, each is hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, substituted phenyl or --(CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 O)nCH.sub.3 group (n has the meaning as referred to) or R.sub.1 may form a heterocyclic ring together with R.sub.2 and nitogen or oxygen atom,--CH.sub.2 OH.sub.3 group or ##STR3## group, in which R.sub.3 and R.sub.

Abstract: Hydantoin derivatives and salts thereof, intermediates therefor, process for the preparation thereof, and medicines containing the derivatives, wherein said derivatives have the formula ##STR1## wherein one of V and W is hydrogen and the other is a halogenomethyl group, 1H-tetrazol-5-yl radical, --COOR group,in which R is hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, --(CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 O)nCH.sub.3 group (n is an integer of 1 to 113) or substituted phenyl, ##STR2## group, in which R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are same or different independently, each is hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, substituted phenyl or --(CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 O)nCH.sub.3 group (n has the meaning as referred to) or R.sub.1 may form a heterocyclic ring together with R.sub.2 and nitrogen or oxygen atom, --CH.sub.2 OR.sub.3 group or ##STR3## group, in which R.sub.3 and R.sub.