Abstract: A charging member, including: a conductive support; and a conductive body mounted on the conductive support, in which the conductive body includes an elastic layer located on the conductive support, a resin layer located on the elastic layer, and a coating layer located on the resin layer to form an outermost surface of the conductive body, and the coating layer contains a polysiloxane compound having a molecular structure that includes an Si—O—Zr bond.

Abstract: A charging roller includes a conductive support, and a roller body to rotate about the conductive support. The roller body includes a conductive elastic layer to contact the conductive support, and a conductive resin layer located around the conductive elastic layer to form a surface of the roller body. The surface has ten-point average roughness Rzjis of approximately 20 ?m to 30 ?m. The conductive resin layer contains polyrotaxane.

Abstract: An imaging system includes an image carrier to carry a toner image, a coating roller to transfer a lubricant from a lubricant source to a surface of the image carrier, the coating roller being disposed adjacent to the image carrier to receive a toner from the image carrier, and a toner adjustment element to adjust a toner amount of the coating roller in an axial direction of the coating roller.

Abstract: A charging roller includes a conductive support, and a roller body to rotate about the conductive support. The roller body includes a conductive elastic layer to contact the conductive support, and a conductive resin layer located around the conductive elastic layer to form a surface of the roller body. The surface has ten-point average roughness Rzjis of approximately 20 ?m to 30 ?m. The conductive resin layer contains polyrotaxane.

Abstract: An imaging system includes an image carrier to carry a toner image, a coating roller to transfer a lubricant from a lubricant source to a surface of the image carrier, the coating roller being disposed adjacent to the image carrier to receive a toner from the image carrier, and a toner adjustment element to adjust a toner amount of the coating roller in an axial direction of the coating roller.

Abstract: A charging roller has a curved roller surface, and the shape of the roller surface is represented by Y/Y1=(X/X1)exp(?). A distance between a central portion of the roller body and a first arbitrary point on a rotation axis is denoted by X, a reduction in a radius at the first arbitrary point from the maximum radius at the central portion is denoted by Y, a distance between the central portion and a second arbitrary point on the rotation axis is denoted by X1, and a reduction in the radius at the second arbitrary point from the maximum radius at the central portion is denoted by Y1. The second arbitrary point is closer to an end portion of the roller body than the first arbitrary point.

Abstract: An example charging member includes a conductive support, a conductive elastic body layer laminated on the conductive support, and a conductive resin layer laminated as an outermost layer on the conductive elastic body layer. The conductive resin layer may contain a matrix material and resin particles. The conductive resin layer may have an arithmetic average roughness Ra of 2.0 to 7.0 ?m, a 10-point average roughness Rzjis of 15 to 40 ?m, and a skewness Rsk of 0.5 to 2.5.

Abstract: A charging roller has a curved roller surface, and the shape of the roller surface is represented by Y/Y1=(X/X1)exp(?). A distance between a central portion of the roller body and a first arbitrary point on a rotation axis is denoted by X, a reduction in a radius at the first arbitrary point from the maximum radius at the central portion is denoted by Y, a distance between the central portion and a second arbitrary point on the rotation axis is denoted by X1, and a reduction in the radius at the second arbitrary point from the maximum radius at the central portion is denoted by Y1. The second arbitrary point is closer to an end portion of the roller body than the first arbitrary point.

Abstract: Provided are a charging member coupleable to an electrophotographic imaging apparatus. The charging member includes an electrically-conductive support body, an electrically-conductive elastomer layer stacked on a surface of the electrically-conductive support body, and an electrically-conductive resin layer stacked as an outermost layer on the electrically-conductive elastomer layer. The electrically-conductive resin layer includes a binder resin and particles comprising at least one type of particles selected from resin particles and inorganic particles, wherein a relative dielectric constant (?r1) of the binder resin is greater than or about equal to a relative dielectric constant (?r2) of at least one type of particles.

Abstract: A charging roller includes a curved roller surface, and the shape of the roller surface is represented by Y/Y1=(X/X1)exp(?). A distance between a middle point and an arbitrary point on a rotation axis is denoted by X, a reduction in a radius at the arbitrary point from the maximum radius at the middle point is denoted by Y, a distance between the middle point and the position of an end portion of a roller body on the rotation axis is denoted by X1, and a reduction in the radius at the position of the end portion from the maximum radius at the middle point is denoted by Y1.

Abstract: An example charging member includes a conductive support, a conductive elastic body layer laminated on the conductive support, and a conductive resin layer laminated as an outermost layer on the conductive elastic body layer. The conductive resin layer may contain a matrix material and resin particles. The conductive resin layer may have an arithmetic average roughness Ra of 2.0 to 7.0 ?m, a 10-point average roughness Rzjis of 15 to 40 ?m, and a skewness Rsk of 0.5 to 2.5.

Abstract: A charging roller includes a curved roller surface, and the shape of the roller surface is represented by Y/Y1=(X/X1)exp(?). A distance between a middle point and an arbitrary point on a rotation axis is denoted by X, a reduction in a radius at the arbitrary point from the maximum radius at the middle point is denoted by Y, a distance between the middle point and the position of an end portion of a roller body on the rotation axis is denoted by X1, and a reduction in the radius at the position of the end portion from the maximum radius at the middle point is denoted by Y1.

Abstract: Provided are a charging member coupleable to an electrophotographic imaging apparatus. The charging member includes an electrically-conductive support body, an electrically-conductive elastomer layer stacked on a surface of the electrically-conductive support body, and an electrically-conductive resin layer stacked as an outermost layer on the electrically-conductive elastomer layer. The electrically-conductive resin layer includes a binder resin and particles comprising at least one type of particles selected from resin particles and inorganic particles, wherein a relative dielectric constant (?r1) of the binder resin is greater than or about equal to a relative dielectric constant (?r2) of at least one type of particles.

Abstract: A charging member, one embodiment of which includes a conductive support; a conductive elastomer layer stacked on the conductive support; and a conductive resin layer stacked on the conductive elastomer layer, wherein the conductive resin layer includes: a matrix material; and a plurality of particles dispersed in the matrix material, wherein the particles include first particles, and when a thickness of a portion formed of the matrix material alone of the conductive resin layer is referred to as A [?m], an average particle size of the first particles is referred to as B1 [?m], and an interparticle distance of the particles is referred to as Sm [?m], then A is in a range of 1.0 ?m to 7.0 ?m, B1/A is in a range of 5.0 to 30.0, and Sm is in a range of 50 ?m to 400 ?m.

Abstract: Provided is a method of producing a member for electrophotography capable of providing a high-quality electrophotographic image.

Abstract: A charging member, one embodiment of which includes a conductive support; a conductive elastomer layer stacked on the conductive support; and a conductive resin layer stacked on the conductive elastomer layer, wherein the conductive resin layer includes: a matrix material; and a plurality of particles dispersed in the matrix material, wherein the particles include first particles, and when a thickness of a portion formed of the matrix material alone of the conductive resin layer is referred to as A [?m], an average particle size of the first particles is referred to as B1 [?m], and an interparticle distance of the particles is referred to as Sm [?m], then A is in a range of 1.0 ?m to 7.0 ?m, B1/A is in a range of 5.0 to 30.0, and Sm is in a range of 50 ?m to 400 ?m.

Abstract: Provided is a charging member having a rough surface, thereby suppressing adhesion of dirt on the surface. A charging member having a supporting member, an elastic layer and a surface layer, in which the surface layer contains a polymer compound, which has a Si—O-M bond and at least one structural unit selected from structural units represented by the following general formula (1) and the following general formula (2), and has a structural unit represented by the following general formula (3); the charging member has cracks developing from the surface thereof and reaching the elastic layer; and the cracks each have convexly raised edges, by which the surface thereof is roughened.

Abstract: There is provided a charging member having charging performance that is not easily changed even by long-term use. The charging member includes an electro-conductive support, an elastic layer, and a surface layer. The elastic layer contains particles in such a manner that at least a part of the particles are exposed from the elastic layer, and thus a surface of the elastic layer is roughened. The particles are high-molecular-weight polyethylene particles. The surface of the elastic layer is covered with the surface layer in such a manner that the surface shape of the elastic layer is reflected in the surface shape of the charging member. The surface layer contains a high-molecular compound having a specific constitutional unit.

Abstract: Provided are a charging member capable of maintaining excellent wear resistance even after repeated use, and a process cartridge and an electrophotographic apparatus each having the charging member. The charging member is characterized in that its surface layer has a polysiloxane to which a silsesquioxane is bonded.

Abstract: A charging member is provided with a surface layer that can not easily wear even due to its contact with a photosensitive member and also has an appropriate elasticity contributing to the formation of an appropriate nip between it and the photosensitive member.