Abstract: A combined plant is provided. The combined plant of continuously supplying hydrogen and nitrogen to an ammonia synthesis facility that continuously synthesizes ammonia from hydrogen and nitrogen, the combined plant including: a hydrogen production facility for acquiring solar energy and producing hydrogen by utilizing a part of the acquired solar energy; a nitrogen production facility for producing nitrogen from air and supplying the nitrogen to the ammonia synthesis facility; and a hydrogen storage facility for storing the hydrogen produced by the hydrogen production facility and supplying the produced hydrogen to the ammonia synthesis facility.

Abstract: A pneumatic tire that can maintain processability of a rubber and tire performance such as rolling resistance or a wet performance, overcome the problem of non-conductivity by a tread rubber of silica formulation or the like, and sustain conductive performance of a tire over a long period of time is provided.

Abstract: A pneumatic tire capable of improving the wet performance and the low fuel cost performance at a good balance without deteriorating other properties of the tire such as abrasion resistance has a cap tread disposed to the radial outside of a tire and a base tread disposed to the radial inside of a tire in a tread portion, in which the cap tread rubber comprises a rubber compound containing a dienic rubber, and at least 15 parts by weight of modified styrene butadiene rubber and/or modified butadiene rubber modified at a polymer molecule terminal group with at least one functional group in 100 parts by weight of the rubber ingredient and containing 1 to 60 parts by weight of crosslinked rubber particles with an average grain size of 5 to 2,000 nm and a glass transition temperature of ?100 to ?65° C., and modified with sulfur and a compound having a C?C double bond and having a hydroxyl group based on 100 parts by weight of the rubber ingredient.

Abstract: An apparatus and method purify hydrogen from a mixed fluid containing gaseous hydrogen, gaseous oxygen, and liquid water. The apparatus has a mixed fluid channel through which the mixed fluid flows; a first gas channel through which a mixed gas containing gaseous hydrogen and gaseous oxygen flows; a second gas channel through which gaseous hydrogen or oxygen flows; a gas-liquid separating membrane forming a wall between the mixed fluid channel and the first gas channel, separating the mixed gas from the mixed fluid of the mixed fluid channel, and providing the separated mixed gas to the first gas channel; and a hydrogen or oxygen separating membrane forming a wall between the first gas channel and the second gas channel, separating gaseous hydrogen or oxygen from the mixed gas of the first gas channel, and providing the separated gaseous hydrogen or oxygen to the second gas channel.

Abstract: The present invention provides a hydrogen generation device using a photocatalyst to generate hydrogen from liquid water or water vapor and a method of using the same. The hydrogen generation device of the present invention has a water channel through which liquid water or water vapor flows, and which has an outer circumferential wall made at least in part of a transparent material; a hydrogen channel through which hydrogen flows and which is located at the inner circumference side of the water channel; a hydrogen separating membrane forming at least part of a wall between the water channel and hydrogen channel, separating hydrogen from the liquid water or water vapor in the water channel, and providing the hydrogen to the hydrogen channel; and a photocatalyst layer arranged on least at part of the water channel-side surface of the hydrogen separating membrane.

Abstract: The invention provides a process for efficient synthesis of ammonia. The process includes a water-splitting step in which water is decomposed to obtain a first source gas comprising hydrogen and oxygen, a first oxygen removal step in which the oxygen contained in the first source gas is at least partially separated and removed by an oxygen separating membrane or hydrogen separating membrane to obtain a second source gas having a lower oxygen concentration than the first source gas, a second oxygen removal step in which the oxygen in the second source gas is reacted with hydrogen to produce water for removal, or is adsorbed onto an adsorption medium for removal, to obtain a third source gas having a lower oxygen concentration than the second source gas, and an ammonia synthesis step in which the hydrogen in the third source gas is reacted with nitrogen to synthesize ammonia.

Abstract: An ammonia-engine system is capable of supplying an ammonia cracking catalyst with a temperature necessary to promote a reaction even during low load operation in which a temperature of an exhaust gas from an ammonia engine is lower than an operating temperature of the ammonia cracking catalyst. In an ammonia-engine system provided with an ammonia engine (2) using ammonia as fuel and an ammonia cracking device (5) including an ammonia cracking catalyst that cracks ammonia and cracking ammonia to produce hydrogen, an ammonia oxidizing device (4) is provided between the ammonia engine (2) and the ammonia cracking device (5).

Abstract: An internal combustion engine in which ammonia which is fed into a combustion chamber is ignited by an ignition device which is arranged in the combustion chamber. As this ignition device, at least one plasma jet ignition plug which emits a plasma jet or a plurality of spark plugs which generate sparks are used.

Abstract: The rubber composition for a tire base tread includes a rubber component containing not less than 15% by weight of a terminal-modified diene rubber having a number average molecular weight prior to modification of 150000 to 400000, a filler, and a compound (vulcanizing agent) represented by the following general formula (1) in an amount of 0.5 to 5 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the rubber component: (wherein R represents a benzyl group, and n represents an integer of 3 to 12.

Abstract: A tinned steel sheet includes an Sn-containing plating layer disposed on at least one surface of a steel sheet and in which mass per unit area of Sn is 0.05 to 20 g/m2; a first chemical conversion coating disposed on the Sn-containing plating layer and contains P and Sn, and in which mass per unit area of P is 0.3 to 10 mg/m2; a second chemical conversion coating disposed on the first chemical conversion coating and contains P and Al, and in which mass per unit area of P is 1.2 to 10 mg/m2 and mass per unit area of Al is 0.24 to 8.7 mg/m2; and a silane coupling agent-treating layer formed with the silane coupling agent disposed on the second chemical conversion coating and has a mass per unit area of Si of 0.10 to 100 mg/m2.

Abstract: A tin-plated steel sheet includes a steel sheet; an Sn-containing plating layer in which the mass per unit area of Sn is 0.05 to 20 g/m2 disposed on at least one surface of the steel sheet; a first chemical conversion coating which contains P and Sn, in which the mass per unit area of P is 0.3 to 10 mg/m2, disposed on the Sn-containing plating layer; and a second chemical conversion coating which contains P and Al, in which the mass per unit area of P is 1.2 to 10 mg/m2 and the mass per unit area of Al is 0.24 to 8.7 mg/m2, disposed on the first chemical conversion coating.

Abstract: A method for producing a tinned steel sheet includes forming an Sn-containing plating layer on at least one surface of a steel sheet such that mass per unit area of Sn is 0.05 to 20 g/m2, immersing the steel sheet in a chemical conversion solution which contains greater than 18 to 200 g/L or less of aluminum phosphate monobasic and which has a pH of 1.5 to 2.4 or cathodically electrolyzing the steel sheet at a current density of 10 A/dm2 or less in the chemical conversion solution, forming a chemical conversion coating in such a manner that the steel sheet is washed with water and then dried, and forming a product of a reaction with a silane coupling agent such that the mass per unit area is 0.10 to 100 mg/m2 in terms of Si.

Abstract: An operational control system of a gas turbine which is driven using mainly ammonia as fuel, wherein in a deteriorated combustibility operating region where the combustibility of ammonia deteriorates compared with the time of normal operation of the gas turbine, for example, at the time of cold startup of the gas turbine and right after startup or right before stopping operation, etc., a ratio of fossil fuel in the fuel which is fed to the gas turbine is increased over the time of normal operation. Due to this, even when using nonflammable ammonia as a main fuel, it is possible to stably start up, operate, and stop the gas turbine.

Abstract: A chemical conversion solution contains greater than 18 to 200 g/L or less of aluminum phosphate monobasic and has a pH of 1.5 to 2.4. A method for producing a tinned steel sheet includes forming an Sn-containing plating layer on at least one surface of a steel sheet such that the mass per unit area of Sn is 0.05 to 20 g/m2, immersing the steel sheet in the chemical conversion solution or cathodically electrolyzing the steel sheet at a current density of 10 A/dm2 or less in the chemical conversion solution; and drying the steel sheet to form a chemical conversion coating.

Abstract: A method for storing solar thermal energy includes: acquiring solar thermal energy, performing a reaction to produce hydrogen from water by using a part of the acquired solar thermal energy, and performing a reaction to synthesize ammonia from nitrogen and the obtained hydrogen by using another part of the acquired solar thermal energy.

Abstract: A hydrogen generator that can be operated in a broad temperature range is disclosed, which comprises a first ammonia conversion part having a hydrogen-generating material which reacts with ammonia in a first temperature range so as to generate hydrogen; a second ammonia conversion part having an ammonia-decomposing catalyst which decomposes ammonia into hydrogen and nitrogen in a second temperature range; an ammonia supply part which supplies ammonia; and an ammonia supply passage which supplies ammonia from said ammonia supply part to the first and second ammonia conversion parts. The first temperature range includes temperatures lower than the second temperature range, and hydrogen is generated from ammonia by selectively using the first and second ammonia conversion parts. An ammonia-burning internal combustion engine and a fuel cell having the hydrogen generator are also disclosed.

Abstract: It is an object to provide a surface-treated steel sheet which contains no Cr, which is excellent in wet resin adhesion, and which can be used as an alternative to a conventional tin-free steel sheet and to provide a resin-coated steel sheet produced by coating the surface-treated steel sheet with resin. A surface-treated steel sheet including an adhesive layer which is disposed on at least one surface of the steel sheet and which contains Ti and at least one selected from the group consisting of Co, Fe, Ni, V, Cu, Mn, and Zn, the ratio of the total amount of Co, Fe, Ni, V, Cu, Mn, and Zn to the amount of Ti contained therein being 0.01 to ten on a mass basis, and a method for producing the surface-treated steel sheet.

Abstract: An ammonia synthesis apparatus includes: a first gas channel; a second gas channel disposed outside the first gas channel; a third gas channel disposed outside the second gas channel; an air supply unit that supplies air to the second or third gas channel; a water supply unit that supplies water to the first gas channel; and a heat supply unit that supplies heat to the first gas channel. A metal or a metal oxide that reduces water to produce hydrogen is placed in the first gas channel. An ammonia synthesis catalyst is placed in the second gas channel located downstream of the downstream end portion of the first gas channel. The second and third gas channels are at least partially partitioned by an oxygen permeation membrane, or a nitrogen permeation membrane, so that oxygen is supplied to the third gas channel, and nitrogen is supplied to the second gas channel.

Abstract: A fuel cell has a porous fuel gas passage formed of a porous metal disposed within an anode-side outer frame plate, a porous coolant passage formed of a porous metal within an intermediate outer frame plate, and a porous oxidizer gas passage formed of a porous metal within a cathode-side outer frame plate. The porous fuel gas passage and the porous coolant passage are partitioned by a metal film, and the porous body oxidizer gas passage and the porous body coolant passage are partitioned by a metal film. The outer dimensions of the porous fuel gas passage and the porous oxidizer gas passage are smaller than those of the metal films.

Abstract: A fuel cell has an electrolyte, an anode provided on one side of the electrolyte and a cathode provided on the other side of the electrolyte, and a fuel passage which is formed so as to contact the anode and through which fuel flows. A substance having an ion-conducting property is mixed in with the fuel that flows through the fuel passage. For example, fuel is supplied to the fuel passage from a fuel supply apparatus, while a substance having an ion-conducting property is supplied to the fuel passage from an ion-conducting substance supply apparatus.