Abstract: An electrode according to an embodiment includes a support, and a catalyst layer including a sheet layer and a gap layer stacked, alternately on the support. The catalyst layer includes noble oxide and non-noble oxide. 4 [wt %] or more and 8 [wt %] or less of metal elements included in the catalyst layer is non-noble metal. An average thickness of the gap layer is 6 [nm] or more and 50 [nm] or less.

Abstract: An electrode for an electrochemical reaction device, includes: a substrate; and a stack provided on the substrate. The stack includes catalyst layers and gap layers, and each catalyst layer and each gap layer are alternately stacked. One of the gap layers has a first region and a second region, the first region having a first thickness, the second region having a first gap, and the first gap having a second thickness, and the second thickness is 3 times or more and 10 times or less the first thickness.

Abstract: An electrode according to an embodiment includes a support and a catalyst layer including a sheet layer and a gap layer stacked alternately. Cracks or/and holes exist in the catalyst layer.

Abstract: A water electrolysis device includes: an anode; a cathode; an electrolyte membrane between the anode and the cathode; a first circulation flow path connecting a anode supply flow path and a anode discharge flow path; a second circulation flow path connected in parallel with the first circulation flow path; an ion filter in a middle of the second circulation flow path and to remove metal ions in the anode solution; a metal supply source to supply metal ions into the anode solution; a first valve in a middle of the first circulation flow path; a second valve in a middle of the second circulation flow path; a third valve in a middle of the metal supply flow path; a sensor to measure concentration of metal ions in the anode solution; and a controller to control opening and closing of each valve, according to the measured concentration of the metal ions.

Abstract: An electrode according to an embodiment includes a support, an intermediate layer including carbon particles and resin on the support, and a catalyst layer on the intermediate layer. A thickness of the intermediate layer is 70 [?m] or more and 300 [?m] or less.

Abstract: An electrode for electrochemical reaction device of an embodiment includes: a substrate; and a catalyst lamination provided on the substrate, and having a plurality of catalyst layers, and void layers respectively arranged between the plurality of catalyst layers adjacent to each other. The plurality of catalyst layers include a first catalyst layer arranged at a position close to the substrate and having a first thickness, and a second catalyst layer arranged at a position separated from the substrate and having a second thickness that is smaller than the first thickness.

Abstract: A membrane electrode assembly according to an embodiment includes a first electrode, a second electrode, an electrolyte membrane provided between the first electrode and the second electrode and a first seal provided on a peripheral portion of the first electrode, having a first opening, housing the first electrode in the first opening, and being contact with the electrolyte membrane or the first seal and a second seal provided on a peripheral portion of the second electrode, having a second opening, housing the second electrode in the second opening, and being contact with the electrolyte membrane.

Abstract: A vehicle-mounted information processing apparatus is mounted in a vehicle and includes: a plurality of processing units configured to execute processing in parallel; and a plurality of shared storage units that are accessible by the plurality of processing units, wherein the plurality of processing units exchange information via at least one of the shared storage units and change the at least one of the shared storage units used to exchange information, at predetermined timing. A detection unit configured to detect an abnormality for the shared storage units is also provided. The predetermined timing is the timing at which the detection unit has detected an abnormality occurred at the at least one of the shared storage units. When the detection unit has detected an abnormality occurred at the at least one of the shared storage units, the plurality of processing units may exchange information via a different shared storage unit.

Abstract: Provided are an in-vehicle information processing apparatus, a program execution restriction method and a computer program that can be expected to provide users with an opportunity to fully use the trial version of an application program. An in-vehicle information processing apparatus according to one embodiment is an in-vehicle information processing apparatus to be mounted in a vehicle and for executing a program, the apparatus including a processing unit, whereby the processing unit determines whether the travel distance of the vehicle from when usage of the program is started exceeds a threshold value, and, if it is determined that the travel distance exceeds the threshold value, restricts subsequent execution of the program. The processing unit of the in-vehicle information processing apparatus may acquire the program and information relating to the threshold value from a device provided externally to the vehicle.