Abstract: An industrial robot having a first arm pivotable about an axis and a second arm carried on one end of the first arm for pivot movement about an axis which is parallel to the pivot axis of the first arm. The second arm is composed of an arm body, which carries a rotary member rotatable about an axis normal to the pivot axis of the second arm. A twist body secured to one axial end of the rotary member carries a bend body rotatable about an oblique axis which is slanted with respect to the rotational axis of the rotary member, and the bend body carries a swivel body rotatable about an axis which is slanted with respect to the oblique axis. The twist body is formed at a portion radially offset from the rotational axis of the rotary member with an eccentric cylindrical portion, in which a first pair of shafts for transmitting rotational power respectively to the bend and swivel bodies are rotatably carried in approximately coaxial alignment with each other.

Abstract: A spindle head for a machine tool rotatably carries a tool spindle, which is drivingly connected with an output shaft of a drive motor provided in axial alignment therewith. A drawing bar received in an axial through hole of the tool spindle is urged by means of springs for clamping on the tool spindle a tool being inserted into a front tapered bore of the tool spindle. In order to move the drawing bar against the springs and thereby to unclamp the tool from the tool spindle, an annular cylinder device is provided around the tool spindle. This cylinder device, when supplied with pressurized fluid, moves first and second operating members toward and away from each other in the axial direction of the tool spindle.

Abstract: A machine tool is provided with a double actuation hydraulic cylinder incorporated into a pallet clamp member, which is vertically movable for clamping and unclamping a work pallet onto and releasing it from a work table of the machine tool. The cylinder, in an extension operation, outwardly extends a first hollow rod and further extends a second rod telescopically from the first rod so as to present a first engaging member secured to the outer end of the second rod under a second engaging member of a work pallet on a pallet support. The pallet clamp member, when upwardly moved, establishes engagement of the first engaging member with the second engaging member, so that the subsequent retraction operation of the cylinder causes the work pallet to be transferred from the pallet support onto the work table.