Abstract: A piezoelectric drive element includes piezoelectric layers, electrode layers between the piezoelectric layers, and electrode layers as the surfaces of the laminated layers. The piezoelectric layers are arranged on the upper side and on the lower side with reference to the center in the thickness direction, and are polarized in opposite directions. The thicknesses of piezoelectric layers at the center which have the least displacement are the thickest. The thicknesses of the piezoelectric layers above and under the thickest piezoelectric layers decrease gradually in an outward direction. A piezoelectric sound-generating body is constructed by affixing the piezoelectric driving element to a support plate and supporting the piezoelectric driving element with a frame.

Abstract: In a piezoelectric oscillation device in which a support substrate is oscillated using a bimorph-type piezoelectric oscillation element, the click sensation when the support substrate is operated is improved, and shock resistance of a control panel is improved. Provided is a piezoelectric oscillation device in which wiring is not easily broken. On the rear side of a touch panel (16), one main surface of a bimorph-type piezoelectric oscillation element (20) is entirely bonded via an elastic body (18) having a tensile elasticity of 20-100 MPa as measured according to JIS K7161. The piezoelectric oscillation element (20) has surface electrode layers (30A, 30B) connected to terminal electrodes (36A, 36B) via wiring lines (38A, 38B). The wiring lines (38A, 38B) are formed on top of a wiring protection layer (32) made of an elastic body provided on the rear side of the touch panel (16), and because the wiring lines can move following the displacement and are therefore resistant to breakage.

Abstract: A touch panel device, includes a transparent protective substrate disposed on a front side of the touch panel, the protective substrate being configured by joining a first glass substrate residing on a front side and a second glass substrate residing on a touch panel side, wherein either one of the first and second glass substrates is configured to have one or more stepped portions formed either on a rear surface of the first glass substrate or a front surface of the second glass substrate, the rear surface of the first glass substrate and the front surface of the second glass substrate facing one another; and one or more piezo vibration elements each disposed within one of the stepped portions so as to be acoustically coupled with the first glass substrate, wherein each of said one or more stepped portions is configured thicker than the corresponding piezo vibration element.

Abstract: A piezoelectric drive element includes piezoelectric layers, electrode layers between the piezoelectric layers, and electrode layers as the surfaces of the laminated layers. The piezoelectric layers are arranged on the upper side and on the lower side with reference to the center in the thickness direction, and are polarized in opposite directions. The thicknesses of piezoelectric layers at the center which have the least displacement are the thickest. The thicknesses of the piezoelectric layers above and under the thickest piezoelectric layers decrease gradually in an outward direction. A piezoelectric sound-generating body is constructed by affixing the piezoelectric driving element to a support plate and supporting the piezoelectric driving element with a frame.

Abstract: Provided is a piezoelectric sound generating device capable of obtaining a stable connection state of lead-out conductors constituted of a conductive resin layer. A piezoelectric sound generating device 10, wherein lead-out conductors 18a, 18b are so flatly formed as to extend from surface electrodes 11a, 11b1 of a piezoelectric element 11 exposed to first openings 13a1, 13b1 to terminal electrodes 15a, 15b of a terminal portion 15 exposed to second openings 13a2, 13b2 on one main surface side of a diaphragm 12, respectively. As a result, the surface electrode 11a1 of the piezoelectric element 11 and the terminal electrode 15a of the terminal portion 15, and also the surface electrode 11b1 and a surface electrode 11c of the piezoelectric element 11, and the terminal electrode 15b of the terminal portion 15 are conductively connected. Hence, poor connection caused by cracks or the like is not likely to occur in the lead-out conductors.

Abstract: In a piezoelectric oscillation device in which a support substrate is oscillated using a bimorph-type piezoelectric oscillation element, the click sensation when the support substrate is operated is improved, and shock resistance of a control panel is improved. Provided is a piezoelectric oscillation device in which wiring is not easily broken. On the rear side of a touch panel (16), one main surface of a bimorph-type piezoelectric oscillation element (20) is entirely bonded via an elastic body (18) having a tensile elasticity of 20-100 MPa as measured according to JIS K7161. The piezoelectric oscillation element (20) has surface electrode layers (30A, 30B) connected to terminal electrodes (36A, 36B) via wiring lines (38A, 38B). The wiring lines (38A, 38B) are formed on top of a wiring protection layer (32) made of an elastic body provided on the rear side of the touch panel (16), and because the wiring lines can move following the displacement and are therefore resistant to breakage.

Abstract: A touch panel device, includes a transparent protective substrate disposed on a front side of the touch panel, the protective substrate being configured by joining a first glass substrate residing on a front side and a second glass substrate residing on a touch panel side, wherein either one of the first and second glass substrates is configured to have one or more stepped portions formed either on a rear surface of the first glass substrate or a front surface of the second glass substrate, the rear surface of the first glass substrate and the front surface of the second glass substrate facing one another; and one or more piezo vibration elements each disposed within one of the stepped portions so as to be acoustically coupled with the first glass substrate, wherein each of said one or more stepped portions is configured thicker than the corresponding piezo vibration element.

Abstract: Provided is a piezoelectric sound generating device capable of obtaining a stable connection state of lead-out conductors constituted of a conductive resin layer. A piezoelectric sound generating device 10, wherein lead-out conductors 18a, 18b are so flatly formed as to extend from surface electrodes 11a, 11b1 of a piezoelectric element 11 exposed to first openings 13a1, 13b1 to terminal electrodes 15a, 15b of a terminal portion 15 exposed to second openings 13a2, 13b2 on one main surface side of a diaphragm 12, respectively. As a result, the surface electrode 11a1 of the piezoelectric element 11 and the terminal electrode 15a of the terminal portion 15, and also the surface electrode 11b1 and a surface electrode 11c of the piezoelectric element 11, and the terminal electrode 15b of the terminal portion 15 are conductively connected. Hence, poor connection caused by cracks or the like is not likely to occur in the lead-out conductors.

Abstract: A piezoelectric vibrator having excellent shock resistance and high reliability is offered. The centers of first and second piezoelectric vibrating plates are supported by pillars on a main surface of an enclosure and nearly or substantially parallel to the main surface of the enclosure. Spacers having a Young's modulus of less than 2 GPa are mounted on both end sides of the second piezoelectric vibrating plate to prevent contact between the vibrating plates, thus preventing damage. Other spacers are mounted on the main surface of the enclosure in positions corresponding to the first-mentioned spacers to prevent contact with the main surface of the enclosure, thus preventing damage to the second piezoelectric vibrating plate.

Abstract: A piezoelectric vibrator having excellent shock resistance and high reliability is offered. The centers of first and second piezoelectric vibrating plates are supported by pillars on a main surface of an enclosure and nearly or substantially parallel to the main surface of the enclosure. Spacers having a Young's modulus of less than 2 GPa are mounted on both end sides of the second piezoelectric vibrating plate to prevent contact between the vibrating plates, thus preventing damage. Other spacers are mounted on the main surface of the enclosure in positions corresponding to the first-mentioned spacers to prevent contact with the main surface of the enclosure, thus preventing damage to the second piezoelectric vibrating plate.

Abstract: A piezoelectric vibrator having excellent shock resistance and high reliability is offered. The centers of first and second piezoelectric vibrating plates are supported by pillars on a main surface of an enclosure and nearly or substantially parallel to the main surface of the enclosure. Spacers having a Young's modulus of less than 2 GPa are mounted on both end sides of the second piezoelectric vibrating plate to prevent contact between the vibrating plates, thus preventing damage. Other spacers are mounted on the main surface of the enclosure in positions corresponding to the first-mentioned spacers to prevent contact with the main surface of the enclosure, thus preventing damage to the second piezoelectric vibrating plate.

Abstract: A piezoelectric loudspeaker includes a diaphragm and a piezoelectric element bonded on a principal surface of the diaphragm. An electrode layer is provided on the surface of the piezoelectric element. The piezoelectric element has a structure formed by alternately laminating at least three piezoelectric layers and electrode layers in order to achieve a sufficient driving force. A conductive path composed of a strip-shaped metal foil and having an adhesive layer on the reverse face thereof is provided on the surface of the electrode layer. The adhesive layer may be conductive or nonconductive. Conductive paste having a low rigidity and a low volume resistivity is applied so as to be disposed over the surfaces of the conductive path and the electrode layer. Thus, a conductive layer having a Young's modulus of 100 MPa or less and a volume resistivity of 6×10?3 ?cm or less is provided.

Abstract: It is designed to restrain vibration of a casing, efficiently drive a piezoelectric sounding body (such as a piezoelectric speaker) and flatten sound pressure characteristic within the electronic instrument requiring the miniaturized type, light weight, and thin type in the electronic instrument, in particular the portable telephone. For accomplishing these objects, at a back side of a mass part within the casing of the electronic instrument, the piezoelectric sounding body is mounted via a ring shaped cushioning material. At a part not overlapping with the mass part, a partition is provided. A main air-chamber is tightly formed by the mass part, the piezoelectric sounding body, and the partition, and in the casing within the main air-chamber, a sound issuing hole is formed. The sound outputted from the upper face into the main air-chamber is outputted outside of the casing from the sound issuing hole.

Abstract: A piezoelectric vibrator having excellent shock resistance and high reliability is offered. The centers of first and second piezoelectric vibrating plates are supported by pillars on a main surface of an enclosure and nearly or substantially parallel to the main surface of the enclosure. Spacers having a Young's modulus of less than 2 GPa are mounted on both end sides of the second piezoelectric vibrating plate to prevent contact between the vibrating plates, thus preventing damage. Other spacers are mounted on the main surface of the enclosure in positions corresponding to the first-mentioned spacers to prevent contact with the main surface of the enclosure, thus preventing damage to the second piezoelectric vibrating plate.

Abstract: An electrically conductive ceramics comprises a compound containing at least one element belonging to the Group 3A of the periodic table and TiO2−x (0<x<2) in a range such that the TiO2−x (0<x<2) accounts for 1 to 60 wt % of the total amount of the ceramics, and at least part of the compound and the TiO2−x form a composite oxide.