Abstract: A method and apparatus for high-efficiency burning of a liquid fuel such as kerosine after it has been foamed. The fuel is converted into a fine foam by supplying foaming air thereinto through a porous element having a mean pore diameter of 1-200 .mu.m and air sufficient for ensuring complete combustion is separately supplied to a combustion chamber. The foaming air is passed through the porous element at an apparent velocity of 0.01-1 m/s. The porous element is a sintered metal body having a density of 4-6 g/cm.sup.3 and a void ratio of 35-45% or a ceramic body having a density of 2.0-5.0 g/cm.sup.3 and an apparent porosity of 15-45%. The method and apparatus enable ignition, prolonged continuous combustion and extinguishment to be conducted stably and with exceedingly low generation of CO, NO.sub.x and soot, and, as such are applicable to oil space heaters and industrial boilers.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for burning a liquid fuel by introducing gas into the liquid fuel through capillaries, a porous plate, cloth, a particle layer or the like to bubble the liquid fuel to control the fuel level and simultaneously by supplying combustion air separately to accomplish complete combustion.

Abstract: A method for burning foamed liquid fuel in a combustion chamber comprises the steps of foaming the liquid fuel and separately supplying air required for continuous stable combustion of the foamed fuel. An apparatus for carrying out the method is also disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for cooling a rolled steel material, especially a wire rod, which comprises immersing a hot-rolled steel material in foams obtained by adding a blowing agent to water, which foams have a water content of 0.01 to 80 g/100 ml, to cool the steel material by the foams. According to this method, a product having a good quality can be stably obtained by a uniform cooling.

Abstract: Steel hot-rolled to the desired diameter and allowed to travel forward is quenched with cooling water to a temperature below the bainite transformation temperature chosen from within the following range:145.multidot.t/r.sup.2 +130.ltoreq.T.ltoreq.152.multidot.t/r.sup.2 +240whereT=surface temperature of the rolled steel at a point 1 m to 2 m away form the point where quenching ends (.degree.C.)t=time required by the rolled steel for travelling from the quenching ending point to the temperature measuring point (hr)r=radius of the rolled steel (m).Then, the surface area of the rolled steel is subsequently automatically recovered by the heat of the core.

Abstract: A vertical continuous annealing furnace has two furnace covers vertically spaced away from each other. Each furnace cover is laterally slidable with respect to the furnace proper and has two long narrow openings through which strip is passed. There is a relatively small pre-chamber between the first furnace cover above and the second furnace cover below. The space below the second furnace cover constitutes a heating chamber. A partition extends from the undersurface of the second furnace cover to near the bottom of the furnace, dividing the heating chamber into a heating zone and a soaking zone. In charging and discharging the strip, the two furnace covers are alternately opened and closed, thereby keeping the heating chamber out of exposure to the outside air.