Abstract: A panel is provided with a substantially rectangular effective portion that has a substantially flat outer surface, and a phosphor screen is formed on the inner surface of the effective portion. A shadow mask that is opposed to the phosphor screen includes a substantially rectangular mask body formed having a large number of electron beam holes and a mask frame supporting the peripheral edge portion of the mask body. The interval between the electron beam holes in the direction of the major axis of the mask body increases from the center of the mask body toward the major axis end so that the rate of change of the interval has a maximum value in the region between the center of the mask body and the major axis end.

Abstract: Provided is a color cathode ray tube, which comprises a panel including a substantially rectangular effective portion, of which the outer surface is a flat surface or a slightly curved surface, and a shadow mask having an effective surface opposite the inner surface of the effective portion of the panel. In this color cathode ray tube, the inner surface of the effective portion of the panel is a curved surface having a substantially infinite curvature radius RXp1 in the major-axis direction on the major axis thereof near the center, a predetermined curvature radius RXp2 in the major-axis direction near peripheral portions on the major axis, and another predetermined curvature radius in the minor-axis direction on the minor axis thereof. This color cathode ray tube, with its panel having the substantially flat outer surface, enjoys improved visibility and higher strength for the maintenance of the curved surface of the shadow mask.

Abstract: A shadow mask has a mask body and a substantially rectangular mask frame attached to a peripheral portion of the mask body. The mask body has a substantially rectangular curved effective surface opposed to a phosphor screen formed on an inner surface of a panel. The effective surface has a number of electron beam passage apertures. The effective surface of the mask body has a curvature in a direction of the long axis, which is set within a range of about 0 to 2×10−4 (1/mm) over an area from a center of the effective surface to a middle portion of the effective surface in the direction of the long axis. A curvature at a peripheral portion in the direction of the long axis is set to be greater than that at the middle portion. A curvature on the short axis in the direction of the short axis successively increases over a distance equal to at least two thirds of a distance between the center and an effective end of the short axis.

Abstract: A color cathode ray tube has a shadow mask. The shadow mask is composed of an almost rectangular mask body and an almost rectangular mask frame. The mask body has an effective surface facing a fluorescent screen, a non-aperture section surrounding the effective surface, and a bent skirt section formed on the periphery of the non-aperture section. The mask frame has a sidewall section provided on the skirt section of the mask body. In the shadow mask of such a configuration, a step section having a step in the direction perpendicular to the skirt section of the mask body is formed. With this configuration, the strength with which the curved surface of the effective surface of the shadow mask is enhanced, which prevents the color purity from deteriorating due to deformation and facilitates the formation of the shadow mask.

Abstract: A color cathode ray tube is provided with a shadow mask having a mask body including a substantially rectangular effective surface in which a large number of electron beam passage apertures are formed.

Abstract: A shadow mask is arranged to face an inner surface of a substantially rectangular face panel. The shadow mask has a substantially rectangular mask body which has a number of apertures for passing an electron beam, and a rectangular mask frame which supports a peripheral edge portion of the mask body. The mask body is curved in a short axis direction, and is fixed to the mask frame in a state that an internal stress of a direction making small a radius of curvature of the short axis direction is applied.

Abstract: A shadow mask of a color cathode-ray tube includes a substantially rectangular mask main body and a rectangular mask frame attached an outer periphery of the mask main body. The mask main body has a substantially rectangular main surface portion formed of a curved face having a large number of electron beam passage apertures, the main surface portion having a longer axis and a shorter axis perpendicular to the longer axis, and a skirt portion raised in peripheral edges of the main surface portion. The skirt portion has a pair of longer side walls extending substantially in parallel to the longer axis, and a pair of shorter side walls extending substantially in parallel to the shorter axis. Each of the longer side walls includes a pressing portion located near the shorter axis so as to protrude toward the mask frame and pressing the mask frame.

Abstract: In a color cathode ray tube comprising a panel with a substantially rectangular effective portion whose outside face is almost flat or slightly curved and whose inside face has a curvature in the direction of minor axis near the short sides of the portion, and a fluorescent substance screen having a substantially rectangular effective region formed on the inside face of the effective portion of the panel, the short sides in the outer circumference of the effective region of the fluorescent substance screen are projected toward the center of the effective region. This improves the flatness of images appearing on the fluorescent substance screen provided on the inside face of the effective portion in the color cathode ray tube with the outside face of the effective portion of the substantially rectangular panel being almost flat and the inside face having a curvature in the direction of minor axis at least near the short sides.

Abstract: A shadow mask opposing a phosphor screen includes a substantially rectangular mask body having a number of electron beam passage apertures, and a substantially rectangular mask frame having four side walls supporting a periphery of the mask body. Among the side walls, a pair of long side walls each has a central connecting portion which is located at a central portion thereof in lengthwise direction and fixed to the mask body, and a pair of protruding portions which are provided on both sides of the central connecting portion in the lengthwise direction and protrude in a direction apart from the mask body. Each protruding portion defines a gap between the side wall and the mask body, and a width of the gap gradually increases as it goes far from the central connecting portion.

Abstract: A color cathode ray tube comprises a panel having an effective portion. The outer surface in the effective portion of the panel is substantially flat or forms a slightly curved plane with a small curvature. The inner surface of the panel has a substantially infinite curvature radius in a direction of the longer axis in at least a central portion of the panel and is curved in a direction of the shorter axis. A difference in thickness of the effective portion of the panel between the central portion and the edge portions diagonally apart from each other exceeds 8 mm and does not exceed 20 mm, and the transmittance of the glass in the central portion of the effective portion is at least 70%. The particular construction enables the vacuum envelope of the color cathode ray tube to exhibit a mechanical strength high enough to sufficiently withstand the atmospheric pressure, though the effective portion of the panel is flattened.

Abstract: A cathode ray tube includes a panel having a substantially rectangular effective surface and a substantially rectangular skirt portion standing on the periphery of the effective surface, a shadow mask having a substantially rectangular mask body and a mask frame supporting the mask body and opposed to the skirt portion, and a holder provided between the skirt portion of the panel and the mask frame of the shadow mask and elastically suspending the mask frame to the panel. The holder comprises a first member having an engagement portion engaged with a stud pin attached on the skirt portion, and a second member having a fixing portion fixed to the mask frame. The plate-thickness of the first member is smaller than that of the second member, and the length of a first slanting portion of the first member is smaller than the length of a second slanting portion of the second member.

Abstract: A face panel (12) constituting a part of a vacuum envelope (20) has a substantially rectangular effective area (10), the inner surface of which is formed with a phosphor screen (14). The effective area has a long axis (X) extending in the horizontal direction and a short axis (Y) extending in the vertical direction. The outer surface of the effective area is cylindrically curved with an infinitely large radius of curvature along the long axis and a predetermined radius of curvature along the short axis. The vacuum envelope has arranged therein a shadow mask (15) in opposed relation to the phosphor screen. A mask body of the shadow mask has a substantially rectangular effective surface cylindrically curved with an infinitely large radius of curvature along the long axis and a predetermined radius of curvature along the short axis thereof.

Abstract: A chamber for exerting an ultrasound beam on a sample solution containing particles to be concentrated, separated or arranged is provided with a view toward arbitrarily controlling the shape of a spatial distribution of potential energy created by the ultrasound beam and concentrating, separating or periodically arranging the particles. In contrast to the chamber, irradiation ultrasound sources for generating ultrasound beams are provided to create an ultrasonic intensity distribution for producing a position potential energy distribution used to exert a force forwarded in a predetermined direction or a force staying at a predetermined region to each particle. Thus, a specific spatial distribution of potential energy can be realized by ultrasound beams each having a specific intensity, a specific frequency and a specific phase or an ultrasound beam formed by superimposing these on one another.

Abstract: Using a mixed sample of a plurality of phosphoric acid compounds different in chemical structure as a sample for measurement, a .sup.31 P nuclear magnetic resonance signal obtained through polarization transfer between .sup.17 O and .sup.31 P is observed and signals obtained without polarization transfer are eliminated, whereby .sup.31 P nuclear magnetic resonance signal spectrum of an .sup.17 O-labeled phosphoric acid is selectively observed. For this purpose, a double resonance NMR detector capable of exciting .sup.17 O and .sup.31 P at the same time is connected to an NMR spectrometer, and using a pulse train which permits observation of a .sup.31 P nuclear magnetic resonance signal obtained through polarization transfer between .sup.17 O and .sup.31 P, a .sup.31 P nuclear magnetic resonance signal from the .sup.17 O-labeled phosphoric acid is observed, and signals for .sup.17 O-unlabeled .sup.31 P are eliminated.

Abstract: Expression of a desired gene and production of a product from the desired gene can be obtained effectively by cultivating a microorganism containing a hybrid plasmid comprising the desired gene, a vector and a promoter in its cell, and adding an inducer and a nutriment simultaneously to the culture medium at the time when the nutriment originally present in the culture medium is almost consumed.

Abstract: A color-cathode ray tube having a shadow mask with improved aperture arrays. The aperture arrays are spaced at appropriate intervals and are curved to suppress local doming of the effective part of the shadow mask and to prevent electron-beam mislanding from occurring on a phosphor screen. The distance between any two adjacent apertures is expressed as: PH(N)=A+BN.sup.2 +CN.sup.4, where PH(N) is the distance between the (N-1)th and Nth arrays and A, B, and C are fourth-degree functions of a Y-coordinate. The apertures along a long side of the effective part of the shadow mask in a section extending for one-fourth of a width of the effective part of the shadow mask from a short side of the effective part of the shadow mask are inclined in an opposite direction to the apertures within the section and located one-third of a height of the effective part of the shadow mask from the long side.

Abstract: When an outer surface of an effective portion 20 of a panel 20 is substantially spherical, a diagonal axis of the effective portion, a long axial effective diameter, land a short axial effective diameter are Sd, Sh, and Sv, the panel is shaped to satisfy the relationship, Dp/Sd<0.05, V<H<D, 2V<Dp<2H where Dp an amount of drop at an end of the effective diameter of the diagonal axis, H an amount of drop at the end of the effective diameter of the long axis, V an amount of drop at the end of the effective diameter of the short axis, the relationship, Ah/Sh<A/Sv where Ah a distance in the long axial direction of a thicker region on the long axis and Av a distance in the short axial direction of the thicker region on the short axis, wherein, in the thicker region, the panel has a thickness larger than the average thickness Ta of the effective portion, and the relationship between a maximum thickness T max and a minimum T min, (Tmax-Ta)>(Ta-Tmin) or .vertline.T max-Ta.vertline.>.vertline.