Abstract: A conveying apparatus includes a rotator, a driver, a measuring device, and circuitry. The rotator is configured to convey a medium. The driver is configured to apply a driving force to the rotator to rotate the rotator. The measuring device is configured to measure the driving force applied to the rotator by the driver. The circuitry is configured to: determine, according to the driving force measured, whether to change at least one of frequency and items of information to be acquired for prediction of a defective conveyance of the medium caused by the rotator; and acquire information of at least one of the items according to a result of determination, at a frequency according to the result of determination.

Abstract: A conveying apparatus includes a rotator, a driver, a measuring device, and circuitry. The rotator is configured to convey a medium. The driver is configured to apply a driving force to the rotator to rotate the rotator. The measuring device is configured to measure the driving force applied to the rotator by the driver. The circuitry is configured to: determine, according to the driving force measured, whether to change at least one of frequency and items of information to be acquired for prediction of a defective conveyance of the medium caused by the rotator; and acquire information of at least one of the items according to a result of determination, at a frequency according to the result of determination.

Abstract: A filter element structure 100 attached to a backwash type filter W and filtering fluid flowing within the filter includes a pair of one and the other filter elements 10, and a connection pipe 13 connecting the one filter element 10 and the other filter element 10. Each of the filter elements 10 includes a filter medium 11 formed into a hollow cylindrical shape having open ends on both sides, an upper cover 12 covering the upper end of the filter medium 11, and an upper hole 12a penetrating the upper cover 12. One end of the connection pipe 13 is connected with the one upper hole 12a, while the other end of the connection pipe 13 is connected with the other upper hole 12a.

Abstract: An image reading apparatus including a first image reader for reading the front side of document, and a second image reader configured to read the reverse side of document. The apparatus also includes a storage device to store first image data read by the first image reader and second image data read by the second image reader, and a writing controller for writing the first image data and the second image data in parallel to the storage device. A reading controller then reads the first image data and the second image data sequentially from the storage device, and an image processor processes the first and second image data. An image converter then converts the format of the first image data and/or the second image data to be the same.

Abstract: A level detecting part detects image data levels for the respective output directions of the first half and the second half to be used for the linearity correction, which image data levels correspond to image data around a connection point between the first half and the second half and are obtained from respective combinations for the respective output directions of the first half and the second half. A calculating part calculates linearity correction values or correction value calculating parameters from the detected image data levels for any one of the first half and the second half; and a defect detection part detecting a defect in the image data levels thus detected around the connection point are provided.

Abstract: An image reading apparatus including a first image reader for reading the front side of document, and a second image reader configured to read the reverse side of document. The apparatus also includes a storage device to store first image data read by the first image reader and second image data read by the second image reader, and a writing controller for writing the first image data and the second image data in parallel to the storage device. A reading controller then reads the first image data and the second image data sequentially from the storage device, and an image processor processes the first and second image data. An image converter then converts the format of the first image data and/or the second image data to be the same.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a packet routing apparatus for routing packets via a pre-established connection in a store and forward network. It is an object of the present invention to realize adaptability to a desired redundant configuration and to avoid degradation in transmission efficiency during a reconfiguration period at low cost and with reliability. In order to achieve the object, the present invention is composed of a routing section for storing inputted packets and routing the packets according to route selection information conforming to the pre-established connection, and a plurality of control sections being arranged redundantly, for controlling the routing section according to a system configuration which conforms to a standby redundancy method, and allowing the operation of the routing section in a reconfiguration process while delivering information necessary for continuing the control to a part which inherits the control.

Abstract: A level detecting part detects image data levels for the respective output directions of the first half and the second half to be used for the linearity correction, which image data levels correspond to image data around a connection point between the first half and the second half and are obtained from respective combinations for the respective output directions of the first half and the second half. A calculating part calculates linearity correction values or correction value calculating parameters from the detected image data levels for any one of the first half and the second half; and a defect detection part detecting a defect in the image data levels thus detected around the connection point are provided.

Abstract: To provide an applicator which is free from ink leakage under any usage-environmental conditions, is suitable for oil-based ink, maintains appropriate ink delivery and is produced at low cost.

Abstract: To provide an applicator which is free from ink leakage under any usage-environmental conditions, is suitable for oil-based ink, maintains appropriate ink delivery and is produced at low cost.

Abstract: To provide a compact power source best suited for portable use, which uses no separator and has no auxiliary equipment such as a fluid supply mechanism, and portable electronic equipment using the power source. A fuel cell, a fuel cell generator, and electric equipment using these have a construction such that the fuel cell, having an anode for oxidizing liquid fuel, a cathode for reducing oxygen, and an electrolyte membrane for insulating the anode from the cathode, has a construction of a hollow support, the anode, electrolyte membrane, and cathode are disposed on the outer peripheral surface of the hollow support to form a generator section, and the fuel is brought into contact with the inside of the hollow support and gas containing the oxygen is brought into contact with the outside of the generator section.

Abstract: A rotary shaft having a predetermined diameter and a cylindrical cleaning element having an axial through-hole formed therein and capable of being either in a wet or a dry state are prepared. The through-hole has, in a wet state, a predetermined diameter smaller than that of the rotary shaft. The cleaning element is wetted and the through-hole of the wet cleaning element enlarged so that it has a diameter larger than that of the rotary shaft. The enlarged cleaning element is dry-set and the rotary shaft is inserted into the through-hole of the cleaning element. The cleaning element is then wetted, to contract the diameter of the through-hole of the cleaning element and provide a press-fit between the cleaning element and the shaft. A, cleaning member comprising a cylindrical cleaning element and a rotary shaft held therein with a press-fit is obtained.

Abstract: To provide a compact power source best suited for portable use, which uses no separator and has no auxiliary equipment such as a fluid supply mechanism, and portable electronic equipment using the power source. A fuel cell, a fuel cell generator, and electric equipment using these have a construction such that the fuel cell, having an anode for oxidizing liquid fuel, a cathode for reducing oxygen, and an electrolyte membrane for insulating said the anode from said the cathode, has a construction of a hollow support, the anode, electrolyte membrane, and cathode are disposed on the outer peripheral surface of the hollow support to form a generator section, and the fuel is brought into contact with the inside of the hollow support and gas containing the oxygen is brought into contact with the outside of the generator section.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a packet routing apparatus for routing packets via a pre-established connection in a store and forward network. It is an object of the present invention to realize adaptability to a desired redundant configuration and to avoid degradation in transmission efficiency during a reconfiguration period at low cost and with reliability. In order to achieve the object, the present invention is composed of a routing section for storing inputted packets and routing the packets according to route selection information conforming to the pre-established connection, and a plurality of control sections being arranged redundantly, for controlling the routing section according to a system configuration which conforms to a standby redundancy method, and allowing the operation of the routing section in a reconfiguration process while delivering information necessary for continuing the control to a part which inherits the control.

Abstract: To provide a compact power source best suited for portable use, which uses no separator and has no auxiliary equipment such as a fluid supply mechanism, and portable electronic equipment using the power source. A fuel cell, a fuel cell generator, and electric equipment using these have a construction such that the fuel cell, having an anode for oxidizing liquid fuel, a cathode for reducing oxygen, and an electrolyte membrane for insulating said anode from said cathode, has a construction of a hollow support, the anode, electrolyte membrane, and cathode are disposed on the outer peripheral surface of the hollow support to form a generator section, and the fuel is brought into contact with the inside of the hollow support and gas containing the oxygen is brought into contact with the outside of the generator section.

Abstract: A rotary shaft having a predetermined diameter and a cylindrical cleaning element having an axial through-hole formed therein and being capable of being either in a wet state or a dry state are prepared. The through-hole has, in a wet state, a predetermined diameter smaller than the diameter of the rotary shaft. The cylindrical cleaning element is caused to be wet and the through-hole of the wet cylindrical cleaning element is enlarged so that it has a diameter larger than the diameter of the rotary shaft. The enlarged cylindrical cleaning element is dry-set, and the rotary shaft is inserted into the through-hole of the dry-set cylindrical cleaning element. The cylindrical cleaning element into which the rotary shaft has been inserted is wet, to thereby contract the diameter of the through-hole of the cylindrical cleaning element and provide a press-fit between the cylindrical cleaning element and the rotary shaft.

Abstract: A knock type applicator includes a cylindrical shell having a coating liquid storage chamber, a writing tip slidably inserted into an opening portion formed in a distal end of the cylindrical shell, and a valve mechanism between the writing tip and the coating liquid storage chamber. The valve mechanism has a valve element connected to the writing tip. Ribs are formed in an inner wall of the opening portion of the cylindrical shell in a lengthwise direction of the cylindrical shell. The diameter of an inscribed circle connecting apexes of the ribs is dimensioned smaller than the maximum diameter of the writing tip. By this, the ribs bite or project into the writing tip which is advanced in combination with the valve element during knocking operation. As a consequence, the writing tip is cracked by the ribs projected therein.

Abstract: A steam turbine in which principal components to be exposed to high temperatures are all made of ferritic steel, whereby the temperatures of main steam and reheat steam can be increased to 610-660 (° C.). The rotor shaft (23 in FIG. 1) of the steam turbine is made of ferritic forged steel whose 100,000-hour creep rupture strength is at least 15 (kg/mm2) at the service temperature of the rotor shaft. Likewise, the casing (18) is made of ferritic cast steel whose 100,000-hour creep rupture strength is at least 10 (kg/mm2). The steam turbine of high thermal efficiency can be applied to a steam-turbine power plant.

Abstract: A steam turbine includes a rotor shaft, movable blades assembled on the rotor shaft, fixed blades for guiding inflow of steam to the moving blades, and an inner casing for holding the fixed blades. The rotor shaft and at least a first stage of the movable blades are made of high-strength martensitic steel comprising 0.05-0.20(%) of C, at most 0.15(%) of Si, 0.3-0.7(%) of Mn, 9.5-13(%) of Cr, 0.3-0.7(%) of Ni, 0.05-0.35(%) of V, 0.02-0.15(%) of Nb, 0.01-0.06(%) of N, 0.05-0.5(%) of Mo, 1.0-3.5(%) of W, 2-10(%) of Co and 0.0005-0.03(%) of B and at least 78(%) of Fe (the percentages being given in terms of weight). The inner casings is made of martensitic cast steel comprising 0.06-0.16(%) of C, at most 0.5(%) of Si, at most 1(%) of Mn, 0.2-1.0(%) of Ni, 8-12(%) of Cr, 0.05-0.35(%) of V, 0.01-0.15(%) of Nb, 0.01-0.1(%) of N, at most 1.5% of Mo, 1-4(%) of W and 0.0005-0.03(%) of B and at least 85(%) of Fe (the percentages being given in terms of weight).

Abstract: A heat resisting steel whose metal structure is entirely martensite phase produced by tempering after quenching. The steel comprises, by weight, 0.05 to 0.20% C, not more than 0.15% Si, not more than 1.5% Mn, not more than 1.0% Ni, 8.5 to 13.0% Cr, not more than 3.50% Mo, not more than 3.5% W, 0.05 to 0.30% V, 0.01 to 0.20% Nb, not more than 5.0% Co, 0.001 to 0.020% boron, 0.005 to 0.040% nitrogen, 0.0005 to 0.0050% oxygen and 0.00001 to 0.0002% hydrogen. The steel has preferably not more than 10 of the Cr equivalent. The steel has 10 kgf/mm.sup.2 or more of 100,000 hours creep rupture strength at 650.degree. C.